Note 34 — BOOK VII[1]

Charles Guillaume Étienne (1778-1845), dramatic author, publicist and politician. He became a member of the French Academy in 1811. Under the Empire, he had been the head of the literary division of the newspaper police; whereas, under the Restoration, he became an ardent "Liberal," attacking the Bourbons in the Minerve française and the Constitutionnel. Étienne was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1820 to 1824 and from 1827 to 1830. Louis-Philippe raised him to the peerage in 1839. The Minerve française, founded in 1818, nine months before the Conservateur, appeared once a week, but on uncertain days: in this way, not being an absolutely periodical publication, it escaped the censorship.—B.