Note 18 — Chapter XVIII · LITURGICAL PLAYS

Gautier, Les Tropes, passim; Winchester Troper, vi; Dankó, Vetus Hymnarium Eccles. Hungariae, 15; Julleville, Myst. i. 21; Creizenach, i. 47. Gautier, i, defines a trope, ‘Qu’est-ce qu’un Trope? C’est l’interpolation d’un texte liturgique,’ and M. Gerbert, de cantu et musica sacra (1774), i. 340 ‘Tropus, in re liturgica, est versiculus quidam aut etiam plures ante inter vel post alios ecclesiasticos cantus appositi.’ Of earlier writers, cf. Durandus, iv. 5 ‘Est autem proprie tropus quidam versiculus qui in praecipuis festivitatibus cantatur immediate ante introitum quasi quoddam praeambulum et continuatio ipsius introitus.’ Gautier, 111, describes a large number of Tropers; Frere, Winchester Troper, xxvii, xxx, those of English uses from Winchester, Canterbury, Worcester, St. Albans, Dublin; Pamelius, Liturgicon (1609), ii. 611 an English Troper in the library of St. Bavon’s, Ghent. Amongst tropes in the wider sense are included the farsurae (vol. i. p. 277). Many of the later tropes are trivial, indecent, or profane. They are doubtless the work of goliardi (vol. i. p. 60).