Note 4 — Chapter XI
C. H. (Charles Henry) Tawney translation
The four Upáyas or means of success are sáman, negotiation, which his pride would render futile, dána, giving, which appeals to avarice, bheda, sowing dissension, which would be useless where a king is beloved by his subjects, and daṇḍa, open force, of no use in the case of a powerful king like Udayana.