Note 12 — Front matter

Compare Bandelier, Gilded Man, p. 255, 1893, and Final Report, pt. I, 131, 132, 168, and pt. II, p. 267; also Fifth Annual Report of the Executive Committee of the Archæological Institute of America, pp. 37, 85, 1884. We must assume that the four “pueblos” occupied by the tribe in Oñate’s time (1598) had all been abandoned and that the “great pueblo of the Xumanos” mentioned by Benavides had been established after the Jumano had been induced by Salas to return from the plains. Bandelier suggests that the Piro pueblo of Tabirá was probably the village of the Jumano, but I find no evidence that the Piro and the Jumano occupied a settlement together (Bandelier, Final Report, pt., I, pp. 131, 132). Escalante (op. cit., Land of Sunshine, March, 1900, p. 248) states that on account of Apache hostilities the pueblos of Chililí, Tafique (Tajique), and Quarac of the Tehua (Tigua) Indians; and Abó, Jumancas, and Tabirá of the Tompiros, were abandoned. That “Jumancas” and the “Pueblo de los Jumanos” were one and the same there appears to be no doubt, consequently if Jumancas and Tabirá had been the same village they would hardly have been mentioned as distinct. Escalante, who wrote in 1778, gathered his information from the official archives at Santa Fé.