Note 45 — Chapter II · THE FORMATION OF THE KINGDOM OF ENGLAND. 449–975.

I infer this from the description of the battle of Gafulford in 825, which is said to have been fought between the Welsh and the men of Devonshire, who must therefore have been English, or at least acting in the English interest. Yet Devonshire, and even the city of Exeter, remained partly Welsh as late as the time of Æthelstan.