Note 235 — Chapter XV · The Sāmānides
Reading edition
Weil, op. cit. ii. p. 485, hints at this duplicity, basing his statement on the fact that the Caliph praised and rewarded Isma`īl when he heard of his victory over `Amr. Khwāndamīr, in his Habīb-us-Siyar, leaves the question open, and expressly says that Isma`īl acted “either on the Khalif’s orders or on his own initiative.”