Note (61) — Chapter II

Macaulay, i. 38. “The knight of the shire was the connecting link between the baron and the shopkeeper. On the same benches on which sate the goldsmiths, drapers, and grocers who had been returned to Parliament by the commercial towns, sate also members who, in any other country, would have been called noblemen, hereditary lords of manors, entitled to hold courts and to bear coat armour, and able to trace back an honourable descent through many generations. Some of them were younger sons and brothers of great lords. Others could boast even of royal blood. At length the eldest son of an Earl of Bedford, called in courtesy by the second title of his father, offered himself as a candidate for a seat in the House of Commons, and his example was followed by others. Seated in that house, the heirs of the grandees of the realm naturally became as zealous for its privileges as any of the humble burgesses with whom they were mingled.”

Hallam remarks (ii. 250) that it is in the reign of Edward the Fourth that we first find borough members bearing the title of Esquire, and he goes on to refer to the Paston Letters as showing how important a seat in Parliament was then held, and as showing also the undue influences which were already brought to bear upon the electors. Since Hallam’s time, the authenticity of the Paston Letters has been called in question, but it has, I think, been fully established. Some of the entries are very curious indeed. In one (i. 96), without any date of the year, the Duchess of Norfolk writes to John Paston, Esquire, to use his influence at a county election on behalf of some creatures of the Duke’s: “It is thought right necessarie for divers causes þ^t my Lord have at this tyme in the p’lement suche p’sones as longe unto him and be of his menyall S’vaunts wherin we conceyve yo^r good will and diligence shal be right expedient.” The persons to be thus chosen for the convenience of the Duke are described as “our right wel-belovid Cossin and S’vaunts John Howard and Syr Roger Chambirlayn.” This is followed by a letter from the Earl of Oxford in 1455, much to the same effect. In ii. 98, we have a letter addressed to the Bailiff of Maldon, recommending the election of Sir John Paston on behalf of a certain great lady not named. The letter is worth giving in full.

“Ryght trusty frend I comand me to yow prey[~i]g yow to call to yo^r mynd that lyek as ye and I comonyd of it were necessary for my Lady and you all hyr Ser[~u]nts and te[~n]nts to have thys p’lement as for [~o]n of the Burgeys of the towne of Maldon syche a man of worchep and of wytt as wer towardys my seyd Lady and also syche on as is in favor of the Kyng and of the Lords of hys consayll nyghe abought hys p’sone. Sertyfy[~=i]g yow that my seid Lady for her parte and syche as be of hyr consayll be most agreeabyll that bothe ye and all syche as be hyr fermors and teñntys and wellwyllers shold geve your voyse to a worchepfull knyght and on’ of my Ladys consayll S^r John Paston whyche standys gretly in favore w^t my Lord Chamberleyn and what my seyd Lord Chamberleyn may do w^t the Kyng and w^t all the Lordys of Inglond I trowe it be not unknowyn to you most of eny on man alyve. Wherefor by the meenys of the seyd S^r John Paston to my seyd Lord Chamberleyn bothe my Lady and ye of the towne kowd not have a meeter man to be for yow in the perlement to have yo^r needys sped at all seasons. Wherefor I prey yow labor all syche as be my Ladys ser[~=u]ntts tennts and wellwyllers to geve ther voyseys to the seyd S^r John Paston and that ye fayle not to sped my Ladys intent in thys mater as ye entend to do hyr as gret a plesur as if ye gave hyr an C^li [100l.] And God have yow in hys kep[~=i]g. Wretyn at Fysheley the xx day of Septebyr.—J. Arblaster.”