Note 342 — Chapter IV · THE RULING INSTITUTION: AS AN ARMY

Spandugino, 146, states that under Mohammed II, each fief-holder who had 5000 aspers of income was obliged to bring another with him to war; but in his time (under Bayezid II) this obligation was imposed upon those who had 3000 aspers, unless retired on account of age. Ramberti and Junis Bey (below, pp. 256-271) say that for each 100 ducats a Spahi must keep an armed horseman, and three or four servants, and a like number of horses; see also D’Ohsson, vii. 373. Heidborn, 145, states that holders of timars brought an additional warrior for each 3000 aspers of income, and holders of ziamets an additional one for each 5000 aspers; but in any case the first 3000 aspers was exempt.