Note 1253 — Chapter XXI · DIANUS AND DIANA

The original root appears plainly in Diovis and Diespiter, the older forms of Jupiter (Varro, De lingua Latina, v. 66; Aulus Gellius, v. 12). The form Dianus is attested by an inscription found at Aquileia (Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, v. 783), and the form Jana by Varro (Rerum rusticarum, i. 37. 3) and Macrobius (Saturn. i. 9. 8). In Zeus, Dione, Jupiter, and Juno the old root DI appears in the expanded form DIV. As to the etymology of these names, see Ch. Ploix, “Les Dieux qui proviennent de la racine DIV,” Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris, i. (1868) pp. 213-222; G. Curtius, Grundzüge der griechischen Etymologie, 5th Ed., pp. 236 sq., 616 sq.; A. Vanicek, Griechisch-lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, i. 353 sqq.; W. H. Roscher, Lexikon der griech. u. röm. Mythologie, ii. 45 sq., 578 sq., 619; S. Linde, De Jano summo Romanorumdeo (Lund, 1891), pp. 7 sq.; J. S. Speijer, “Le Dieu romain Janus,” Revue de l’Histoire des Religions, xxvi. (1892) pp. 37-41; H. Usener, Götternamen, pp. 16, 35 sq., 326; P. Kretschmer, Einleitung in die Geschichte der griechischen Sprache, pp. 78 sqq., 91, 161 sq. Messrs. Speijer and Kretschmer reject the derivation of Janus from the root DI.