Note 144 — Chapter I · THE KING OF THE WOOD

Thus she was identified with Anaitis (Plutarch, Artoxerxes, 27; Dittenberger, Sylloge Inscr. Graec.² No. 775), and with Nana (Corpus Inscriptionum Atticarum, iii. 131), or Nanaea, the goddess of Elymais (2 Maccabees, i. 13 and 15, compared with Polybius, xxxi. 11, and Josephus, Antiquit. Jud. xii. 9). This Nanaea was sometimes identified with Aphrodite instead of with Artemis (Appian, Syriace, 66). She seems to have been the old Babylonian goddess Nana, Nanai, or Nannaia, who was identical with the Ishtar (Astarte) of Erech. See H. Zimmern, in Schrader’s Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament,³ p. 422; R. F. Harper, Assyrian and Babylonian Literature (New York, 1901), pp. 116 sq., 245; W. H. Roscher’s Lexikon der griech. und röm. Mythologie, iii. 4 sq. s.v. “Nana.” For the identification of Artemis with another Semitic mother-goddess, see W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia² (London, 1903), p. 298. As to the dissolute worship of Anaitis, see Strabo, xi. 14, 16, p. 532. And as to the identification of Artemis with Asiatic goddesses of this type see L. R. Farnell, Cults of the Greek States, ii. 478 sqq.; Wernicke, in Pauly-Wissowa, Encycl. d. class. Alter. ii. 1369 sqq.