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The geographical lore of the time of the Crusades

Note 734 — Chapter VII · THE ATMOSPHERE

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These five regions were: (1) the celestial region, or sphere of the fixed stars; (2) the region of ether, which reaches from the sphere of the fixed stars down to that of the moon; (3) the upper air, clear and lucid; (4) the lower air, turbid and cloudy; and (5) the earth. (De phil. mundi, I, 16–21). 431See Werner, loc. cit., for discussion of these ideas, of their derivation from Plato’s Timaeus and from later Platonists, and of the “demons” associated with each of the five regions.

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