Note 23 — FISHES OF THE SILURIAN ROCKS—UPPER AND LOWER. THEIR RECENT HISTORY, ORDER, AND SIZE.

“This is the lowest position” (that of the Onondago Limestone) “in the State of New York in which any remains have been found higher in the scale of organized beings than Crustacea, with the exception of an imperfectly preserved fish-bone discovered by Hall in the Oriskany Sandstone. That specimen, together with the defensive fish-bone found in this part of the New York system, furnishes evidences of the existence of animals belonging to the class vertebrata during the deposition of the middle part of the protozoic strata.”—American Journal of Science and Arts for 1846, p. 63.