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The Empire and the Papacy, 918-1273

Note 6 — Chapter V · THE CLUNIAC REFORMATION (910–1073) AND ITALY IN THE ELEVENTH CENTURY[5]

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Stephen’s Hildebrand and his Times (‘Epochs of Church History’), gives a useful summary of the life and work of the future Gregory VII.; see also Stephen’s essay on Hildebrand in his Essays on Ecclesiastical Biography. Bowden’s Life and Pontificate of Gregory VII., and Villemain’s Histoire de Gregoire VII. give fuller accounts.

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