Note 57 — Chapter IV · THE THEORY OF IONIZATION; IONIZATION AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
Reading edition
The usual experimental methods consist in determining the elevation of the boiling-point, or the lowering of the freezing-point, or the lowering of the vapor tension of a solvent by a solute, methods which were discovered by Raoult and used empirically until van 't Hoff developed their relations to the Avogadro principle. The calculation of a molecular weight is much simplified by the use of the different specific constants expressing the lowering or elevation produced by one gram-molecule or mole, dissolved either in one liter or in 100 grams of each specific solvent.