Note 1191 — Chapter XII · STONE CASTLES OF THE NORMAN PERIOD

Ground entrances occur in several much earlier keeps, as at Colchester (almost certainly an addition of Henry I.’s time), Bamborough (probably Henry II.’s reign), and Richmond, where Earl Conan seems to have used a former entrance gateway to make the basement entrance of his keep. See Milward, Arch. Journ., vol. v.