Note 8 — HOME STUDIES IN CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS.
Reading edition
“Hell Gate.” The name of a narrow channel between Long Island and Manhattan Island. Until recently the numerous reefs made it impassable for large ships and dangerous for small ones. In 1851 the first efforts were made to open the channel, by submarine blasting. In 1876, after many vain attempts, the work was carried to a successful issue. The total amount of money expended by Congress for this work since 1868 was $1,940,000.