INDEX
Reading edition
Abercromby, the Hon. J., 64
Abram, 153
Abû Shahrein. See Eridu
Achæmenian dynasty, 11;
inscriptions, 10;
transcripts (second), 26, 27
Acre, 199
Adamu, Adam, 68, 76, 78, 80, 91
Aita-gama, 197
Akkad, 69, 73, 79, 87, 95
Akkadian, 24, 28–30, 69
Amiaud, 29
Amon-hotep III., 149, 199
Amon-hotep IV., 136, 188, 192
Amorites, 139, 141, 142, 147, 179, 206, 207;
land of, 139, 141, 143, 179, 194
Amraphel (Khammu-rabi), 143
Animals, domesticated, 83, 99
Anquetil-Duperron, 10
Anupum (Anubis), 127
Ape in Babylonia, 129
Apes of Thoth, 127
Arabia, Southern, 123
Archæological versus literary evidence, 43
Archæology, science of, 36, etc.
Arioch (Eri-Aku), 143
Armenia, 31, 160, etc.
Armenian and Sumerian, 59
Armenians, modern, 165
Aryan language, the, 72
Arzawa, 34, 175;
language of, 176, 200
Arzawan letters, vi., 175, 200
Arzawaya, 178, 197, 198, 202, 203, 205
Asari of Eridu, 119
Asherah, 150, 153
Ashtoreth (Istar), 153
Asia Minor, 61, 62, 160 et seq., 173, 174;
gold of, 62;
bronze in, 66
Askabad, excavations at, 54, 61, 83
Ass, domesticated, 83
Assur (Qal’at Shirqât), 41
Assur, the god, 95
Assur-bani-pal, 73
Assur-natsir-pal, 33, 163
Assur-yuballidh, 172
Assyria, the sword in, 65
Assyrian culture, 113;
grammar, 25;
kings, 172;
Semitic, 19;
syllabary, 19;
types, 73
Asur, 172
Babylonia (and Egypt), 101, etc.;
Canaanite dynasty in, 142;
copper age in, 55;
no neolithic age in, 45, 157;
picture-writing of, 57, 75
Babylonian anthropomorphism, 94, 125;
chronology, 114;
civilization, 75, 83;
irrigation, 101;
priesthood, 96;
script, 17, 83;
seal-cylinder, 111;
trade, 92
Babylonians a mixed people, 87
Balaam, 210
Barley, origin of, 108
Bashan, 192, 193
Behistun, 15, 16, 20, 22, 26
Bel, 95, 97
Belck, 33, 163, 166, 171, 174
Bellerophon, 183
Bes, 129
Beth-el, 147
Bezold, 28
Black Obelisk, the, 20, 21, 179
Bliss, Mr., 209
Boghaz Keui, vi., 34, 171, 174, 175, 178, 184, 195, 197
Borsippa, 78
Botta, 18
Boz Eyuk, pottery of, 171
Brick, use of, 113
British Museum, how it excavates, 39, 40
Bronze, 56, 59, 66;
scimitars, 57, 65;
earliest use in Egypt, 60;
in Krete, 60;
in the Caucasus, 60;
origin of, in Britain, 64
Bronze age in Europe, 64
Burnouf, 13, 14
Calah, 18. See Nimrûd
Canaan, 126, 137, 190, 213 (see Palestine);
and Egypt, 177;
before the Exodus, 187 et seq.;
Hittite pottery in, 179;
neolithic age in, 146
Canaanite civilization, 150 et seq.;
dynasty in Babylonia, 142;
deities, 152;
language, 35, 89, 142;
luxury, 156;
postal service, 143, 189;
pottery, 63;
sacrifice of children, 148
Cappadocia, Assyrians in, 169
Cappadocian tablets, 171
Carchemish, 40, 172, 195
Careri, 9
Chaldæa, port of, 80
Chaldæans, 90
Chantre, 47, 53, 170, 171, 174, 178
Chardin, Sir J., 9
Chedor-laomer, 143
Cilicia, 173, 175
Clay as writing material, 111
Comana, 173
Cones, terra-cotta, 134
Copper, use of, 51, 54, 55, 58, 59, 62;
mines, 170
Copper in Sumerian, 58, 59
Cossæeans. See Kossæans
Crete. See Krete
Cros, Captain, 48, 55
Cubit, Babylonian, 122
Cuneiform a cursive script, 77, 84, 184;
used by Egypt, 126, 190
Cypriotic syllabary, 182
Cyprus, 65, 140, 182;
seal-cylinders in, 140
Damascus, 197
Darius I., 9, 12, 16, 35
Darius, how pronounced, 12
Deecke, 186
Deification of king, 95
Delitzsch, F., 35
Determinatives, 57, 84
Dieulafoy, 73
Dirk, 65;
in Danube valley, 65;
characterizes bronze age, 66
Domestication of animals, 83
Dwarfs, sacred, 127, 128
Ea or Oannes, 75, 79, 81, 119
Ebed-Kheba, King of Jerusalem, 196, 200, 201, 202, 204
Eden, 78, 79
Edin, the “Plain,” 78, 79, 93
Egypt, 47, 54, 102;
Asiatic influence on, 125;
excavations in, 42;
and Babylonia, 101, 107, 110, 133
Egyptian irrigation, 102;
chronology, 115;
hieroglyphs, 104;
language Semitic, 107, 110;
letter of an, 207;
neolithic culture, 125;
rule in Canaan, 213;
seal-cylinders, 112, 114
Egyptians, dynastic, 110, 114
Elam, 26, 46, 71, 73, 144;
copper age in, 51
Elamite pottery, 47, 48;
dialects, 71;
race, 73
El-Hibba, 41
El-Kab, sculpture at, 117
Elwend, inscription of, 20
Erech, 93
Eri-aku (Arioch), 143
Eridu, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82, 85, 92, 118, 120;
excavations at, 55
Erman, 107
Etruscan model of liver, 186
Euphrates, 81, 102, 103
Evans, A. J., 141, 159, 183
Fibula, introduction of, 65, 66
Figurines in Elam, 52, 54;
at Kara Eyuk, 171
Flower, Samuel, 8
Garstang, 62
Gezer, 57, 60, 63, 65, 145, etc., 154, 158, 198, 204, 206;
graves at, 151
Gladstone, Dr., analysis of metals, 60, 61, 170
Gold, word for, 58
Gordium, pottery of, 171
Grotefend, 10–13, 17, 35
Gudea, 53, 59, 73, 141
Guyard, Stanislas, 33, 162
Hadad-nirari I., 57, 157, 172
Halévy, 28
Hall, H. R., 40
Hamadan, inscription of, 15
Hathor identified with Istar, 129
Haupt, 29
Haynes, 56
Hazael, 21
Hebrew, 142
Hebron, 203
Heeren, 13
Heraldic position in art, 117, 180
Herat, seal-cylinder from, 184
Herbert, Thomas, 9
Herodotus, 131
Heuzey, 40, 53, 117, 121, 133
Hezekiah, 21
Hierakonpolis, 62, 115, 117
Hilprecht, 56
Hincks, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 31, 161, 162
Hittite, 34;
art, 180 et seq.;
chiefs, 197;
dirk, 65;
inscriptions, 195;
kings, vi., 175;
language, 34, 174, 176, 200;
mercenaries, 177, 193, 196, etc.;
pottery, vi., 63, 149, 178, 179, 206
Hittites, 169, 170, 173, 174, 179, 194, etc., 206
Hommel, 105, 106, 116, 120
Horus, followers of, 61, 110, 123, 124
Hut-urns, 171
Hyksos, 52, 145, 156, 190;
introduce bronze, 63;
axe-heads, 171
In-Susinak, 50
Iron, name of, 58;
in Armenia, 166;
in Egypt, 62
Isaac, 154
Israelites, their advent in Canaan, 212
Istar, 52, 128, 129, 153
Ivories of Ephesus, 184
Jacob-el (see Ya’qub-el), 145, 190
Jebusites, 205, 213
Jehu, 21
Jensen, 34, 168
Jéquier, 121
Jerusalem, 21, 178, 201, 205, 210, 213;
king of, 196, 199, etc., 202, 204
Jones, F., 24
Kadish, 197, 208
Kara Eyuk, 47, 48, 53, 166, 169, 170, 171, 173, 181
Karnak, 54
Kas, 195, 201, 202
Kassites, 89;
dynasty of, 97
Khabiri, 196, 201, 202
Khaldis, Khaldian, 164, 165
Khammu-rabi (see Amraphel), 81, 127, 143, 152, 157;
code of laws of, 153;
dynasty of, 155, 156, 167;
letters of, 45
Khattinâ (Hittites), 202
Khorsabad, 18, 19
King, L. W., 40
Knossus, clay tablets at, 183
Knudtzon, 174, 196, 200
Kossæeans (Kassites), 35, 144
Kretan script, 141, 159, 181;
pottery, 178;
monsters in art, 180
Krete, 141, 182
Kûyunjik, 18, 131. See Nineveh.
Labbawa, Labbaya, 174, 198, 199, 201, 202, 204
Lachish, 146, 202, 209;
excavations at, 145, 149, 158, 206
Lagas, 73, 141
Language and race, 109
Lassen, 14
Layard, 18, 23, 32, 39, 131, 161
Lebanon, 152
Legrain, 54
Lehmann, 33, 163
Lenormant, Fr., 28, 162, 163
Libraries, Babylonian, 138
Lichtenberg, von, 53
Liver, bronze, 186
Loftus, 26, 80
Longpérier, de, 19
Macalister, 57, 63, 146, 147, 151, 154, 155
Mace-heads, 133
Magan, 134
Mal-Amîr, 27
Map of world, Babylonian, 80
Maspero, 131
Megiddo, 148, 156, 199
Merodach-baladan, 90
Merodach-nadin-akhi, 73
Messerschmidt, 28, 34, 168
Mitanni, 33, 34, 167, 193, 196;
language of, 168
Montellius, 64
Morgan, H. de, 55
Morgan, J. de, 27, 33, 46, 73, 74, 80, 82, 121
Moschians, 173
Münter, Bishop, 10
Muqayyar (see Ur), 55
Mussian, excavations at, 50, 53
Mykenæ, 65
Mykenæan pottery, 171
Myres, J. L., 63, 178
Naharaim (Mitanni), 196, 202
Naram-Sin, 56, 73, 88, 140, 143
Nar-Buzau, palette of, 117, 121, 123
Nar-Mer, 117
Nebuchadrezzar, 17, 21, 45
Neolithic age not in Babylonia, 48, 57
Neo-Susian, 27
Niebuhr, Carsten, 9
Niffer (Nippur), excavations at, 40, 56, 76, 77, 78
Nimrûd, 18, 21
Nineveh, excavations at, 18, 57;
library of, 23, 24, 161
Niobê of Mount Sipylus, 54
Norris, Edwin, 16, 26
Nu-gidda, 128, 129
Oannes, 75
Obelisk, the Black, 20, 21, 179
Obsidian, 51, 171
Oppert, Jules, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28
Osiris, 119, 123
Palestine and Babylonia, 135 et seq.;
Exploration Fund, 135, 145;
Hittites in, 193, 194
Palette of Nar-Buzau, 121, 123
Papyrus, 84
Pegasus, 180
Pehlevi inscriptions, 10
Pepi, statue of, 62;
Pyramid texts of, 120
Persian Gulf, 75;
land increases at head of, 80
Peters, Dr., 56
Petrie, Flinders, 52, 60, 61, 62, 117, 121, 156, 182
Philology, value of, 43, 44
Phœnician alphabet, 159, 183, 185
Picture-writing, Babylonian, 75, 82, 105;
analysed, 98–100
Pietro della Valle, 8
Pinches, Dr., 73, 74, 144, 171
Polyphony, 22
Postal service in Babylonia, 143;
in Canaan, 143, 189
Pottery, importance of, 36 et seq.;
Babylonian, 39, 42;
Elamite, 47, 48, 54;
Hittite, 63, 149, 179;
Kretan, 178;
Mykenæan, 171;
South Canaanite, 63, 149, 178, 206;
Susian, 47, 51, 53;
Vannic, 166;
black with incised lines, 52, 53, 171
Ptah, Semitic origin of, 129
Pumpelly, Professor, 54, 64
Pyramid texts, 122
Qal’at Shirqât (Assur), 41
Ramsay, Sir W. M., 174, 195
Ramses II., treaty of, vi.
Rask, 13, 14
Rassam, Hormuzd, 23, 32
Rawlinson, Sir H. C., 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 80
Razor, use of, 134
Reisner, 118
Resurrection, the Babylonian, 120
Rhind, 41, 42
Rich, 8
Royal Society, 8
Sacred trees of Egypt, 123
Sacy, de, 10
Saint-Martin, 13
Samsu-ditana, 28
Saqia, the, 132
Sardinians, 211
Sargon of Akkad, 19, 49, 56, 59, 87, 88, 132, 139, 140, 155, 182
Sarzec, M. de, 40, 121
Saulcy, de, 19, 20, 25
Scheil, 27
Schliemann, 54, 60, 61, 65, 166, 180
Schools, Babylonian, 138
Schulz, 31, 32, 160, 161
Schweinfurth, 108, 123
Scimitar, Semitic invention, 65, 66;
of Hadad-nirari, 157
Seal-cylinder, 111, 112, 114, 117, 118, 140, 152, 180, 181, 184;
dwarfs on, 128;
from Herat, 184;
in Cyprus, 140;
in Troy, 180
Sellin, 157
Semite culture, origin of, 30;
influence, 49, 52, 86, 90;
religion, 93 et seq.;
kings deified, 95
Semites in Babylonia, 86
Semitic Empire, 69, 87
Semitic family of speech, 89;
languages, 70, 72;
types, 73, 74
Sennacherib, 21
Shadûf, 99, 130, 131 et seq.
Shalmaneser I., 172
Shalmaneser II., 179;
annals of, 21
Shechem, 198, 204
“Shepherd” kings, 93
Sidonian seals, 35, 152
Silver, name of, 58
Sin (Sinai), 128, 129
Sippara, 46, 79, 142
Spouted vases, 134
Subari, 172, 181
Sumer, language of, 28, 29, 68 et seq., 86
Sumerian, 24, 28–30, 69;
animism, 94;
civilization, 98–100;
culture, 98;
— in Canaan, 138;
dialects, 29, 69;
origin of, 74;
origin of culture, 75;
physical type, 72;
priest, 96;
study of, 29, 30;
survival in Southern Babylonia, 88
Sumerians, the, 67 et seq.
Susa, 26;
excavations at, 27, 46, 73;
pottery of, 47, 53;
metal age of, 49
Swords, earliest, 65;
in Cyprus, 65;
in Krete, 65
Syros, 53
Taanach, excavations at, 148 et seq., 152, 157, 199, 212
Tablets, writing-, 82, 84
Talîsh, excavations at, 55
Tarkhundaraba, 175
Taylor, 55, 78
Tel el-Amarna, 136, 188;
tablets, 33, 35, 136, 144, 167, 168, 172, 174, 177, 178, 187, 191, 193, 195, 196, 197, 200, 205
Tel el-Hesy, 147. See Lachish
Tello, 29, 40, 53, 55, 72, 73, 91, 121, 122;
pottery of, 48
Thothmes III., annals of, 156
Thureau Dangin, 29, 87, 91, 141
Tiglath-pileser I., 173
Tigris, 80, 102, 103
Tin, 60, 64
Toprak Kaleh, 166, 171
Trees, sacred, in Egypt, 123
Troy, 54, 60, 61, 65, 166, 171, 182
Tychsen, 10
Uan, 175, 200
Ur, 78, 85, 141;
excavations at, 55
Valle, Pietro della, 8
Van (Biainas), 31, 161, 164
Vannic, 31, 162;
deciphered, 32, 162, 163, 164;
deities, 165;
kings, 31, 32
Vases, Egyptian, 121, 128
Vases of hard stone, 82, 121, 133
Vine, home of, 59, 165
Vishtaspa, 13
Vyse, 62
Ward, Hayes, 40, 79
Week, Babylonian, 122;
Cappadocian, 172
Weissbach, 27
Westergaard, 16, 25
Wheat, 132;
in prehistoric graves, 108
Wood, use of, 83, 84
Writing material, primitive, 83
Xerxes, 12, 35, 161;
Persian form of, 12;
name of, on vase, 13
Ya’qub-el (see Jacob-el), 145
Year, division of, 122
Yortan, pottery of, 171
Zend, 10
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