Note 12.1 — Chapter XII · ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CHURCH OF ANTIOCH.

Acts xi. 19.

[12.2] Josephus, Wars of the Jews, ii. 4. Rome and Alexandria were the two chief ones; compare Strabo xvi. ii. 5.

[12.3] Compare Otfried Müller, Antiochian Antiquities, Göttingen, 1839, p. 68. John Chrysostom, on Saint Ignatius, 4 (opp. t. ii. p. 597, edit. Montfaucon): On Matthew, Homilies lxxxv. 4. (vol. viii. p. 810). He estimates the population of Antioch at two hundred thousand souls, without counting slaves, infants, and the immense suburbs. The present city has a population of not more than seven thousand.

[12.4] The corresponding streets of Palmyra, Gerasium, Gadara, and Sebaste, were probably imitations of the grand Corso of Antioch.

[12.5] Some traces of it are found in the direction of Bâb Bolos.

[12.6] Dion Chrysostome, Orat. xlvii. (vol. ii. p. 229, edit. Reiske), Libanius, Antiochicus, p. 337, 340, 342, 356 (edit. Reiske), Malala, p. 232, et seq., 276, 280, et seq. (Bonn, edition.) The constructor of these great works was Antiochus Epiphanes.

[12.7] Libanius, Antioch. 342, 344.

[12.8] Pausanias, vi. ii. 7; Malala, p. 201; Visconti Mus. Pio-clemen., vol. iii. 46. See especially the medals of Antioch.

[12.9] Pierian, Bottian, Penean, Tempean, Castalian, Olympic games, Jopolis (which was referred to Io). The city pretended to be indebted for its celebrity to Inachus, to Orestes, to Daphne and to Triptolemus.

[12.10] See Malala, p. 199; Spartian, Life of Adrian, p. 14; Julian, Misopogon, p. 361, 362; Ammian Marcellin., xxii. 14; Eckhel, Doct. num vet. part i. 3, p. 326; Guigniaut, Religions de l'Ant. planches No. 268.

[12.11] John Chrysostom, Ad pop. Antioch. homil. xix. 1; (vol. ii. p. 189.) De sanctis martyr. i. (vol. ii. p. 651.)

[12.12] Libanius, Antioch., p. 348.

[12.13] Act. SS. Maii, v. p. 383, 409, 414, 415, 416; Assemani, Bib. or., ii. 323.

[12.14] Juvenal Sat., iii. 62, et seq.; Stacc. Silves, i. vi. 72.

[12.15] Tacitus Ann. ii. 69.

[12.16] Malala, p. 284, 287, et seq.; Libanius, De Angariis, p. 555, et seq.; De carcere vinctis, p. 445, et seq.; ad Timocratem, p. 385; Antioch, 323; Philost., Vit Apoll. i. 16; Lucian, De Saltatione, 76; Diod. Sic. fragm. lib. xxxiv. No. 34 (p. 358, ed. Dindorf); John Chrysos. Homil. vii. in Matt. 5 (vol. vii. p. 113); lxxiii. in Matt. 3 (ibid. p. 712); De consubst. contra Anon., 1 (vol i., p. 501); De Anna, 1 (vol. iv. p. 730), De David et Saüle iii. 1 (vol. iv. 768, 770); Julian Misopogon, p. 343, 350, edit. Spanheim; Actes de Sainte Thècle, attributed to Basil of Seleucia, published by P. Pantius (Auvers, 1608) p. 70.

[12.17] Philostr. Apoll. iii. 58; Ausonius, Clar. Urb., 2; J. Capitolin Verus, 7; Marcus Aurelius, 25; Herodian ii. 10; John of Antioch in the Excerpta Valesiana, p. 844; Suidas, at the word Ἰοβιανός.

[12.18] Julian Misopogon, p. 344, 365, etc.; Eunap. Vie des Soph., p. 496, edit. Boissònade (Didot); Ammien Marcellin xxii. 14.

[12.19] John Chrysos. De Lazaro, ii. 11 (vol. 1. p. 722, 723).

[12.20] Cic. pro. Archiâ, 3, making allowance for the usual exaggeration of an advocate.

[12.21] Philostratus Vie d' Apollonius, iii. 58.

[12.22] Malala, p. 287, 289.

[12.23] John Chrysos., Homil. vii. On Matt. 5, 6. (vol. vii. p. 113); See O. Müller, Antiq. Antioch., p. 33 note.

[12.24] Libanius, Antiochichus, p. 355–366.

[12.25] Juvenal, iii. 62 et seq. and Forcellini, in the word ambubaja, where he observes that the word ambuba is Syriac.

[12.26] Libanius, Antioch p. 315; De carcere vinctis, p. 455; Julian Misopogon, p. 367, edit. Spanheim.

[12.27] Libanius, Pro rhetoribus, p. 211.

[12.28] Libanius, Antiochichus, p. 363.

[12.29] Libanius, Antiochichus, p. 354 et seq.

[12.30] The actual enclosure, which is of the time of Justinian, presents the same particulars.

[12.31] Libanius, Antioch., p. 337, 338, 339.

[12.32] The lake Ak Denir, which forms on this side the actual limit of the territory of Antakieh, had, as it appears, no existence in olden times. See Ritter, Erdkunde, xvii. p. 1149, 1613 et seq.

[12.33] Josephus Ant., xii. iii. 1; xiv. xii. 6; Wars of the Jews, ii. xviii. 5; vii. iii. 2–4.

[12.34] Josephus, against Apion, ii. 4; Wars of the Jews, vii. iii. 2–4.

[12.35] Malala, p. 244, 245; Jos., Wars of the Jews, vii. v. 2.

[12.36] Acts vi. 5.

[12.37] Ibid. xi. 19, et seq.

[12.38] Compare Josephus, Wars of the Jews, ii. xviii. 2.

[12.39] Acts xv. 20, 21. The proper reading is Ἕλληνας Ἕλληνιστας comes from a false agreement with ix. 29.

[12.40] Malala, p. 245. The narrative of Malala cannot, indeed, be exact, Josephus says not a word respecting the invasion of which the chronographer makes mention.

[12.41] Malala, p 243, 265–266. Compare “Memoirs of Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres,” session of 17 August, 1865.

[12.42] S Athanasius, Tomus ad Antioch. (Opp. vol. i. p. 771, edit. Montfaucon); S. John Chrysostom, Ad pop. Antioch, Homil. i. and ii. beginning (vol. ii. p. i and xx.); In Inscr. Act. ii. beginning (vol. iii. 60); Chron. Pasch., p. 296 (Paris); Theodoret, Hist. Eccl., ii. 27; iii. 2. 8. 9. The agreement of these passages does not permit of ἐν τῆ καλουμένη Παλαιᾷ being rendered by “in that which was called the old town,” as the editors have sometimes done.

[12.43] Malala, p. 242.

[12.44] Pococke, Descript. of the East, vol. ii. part i. p. 192 (London 1745), Chesney, Expedition for the Survey of the Rivers Euphrates and Tigris, i. 425, et seq.

[12.45] That is to say, opposite to that part of the old town which is still inhabited.

[12.46] See below.

[12.47] The type of the Maronites is reproduced in a striking manner in the country of Antakieh, Soneideieb, and Beylan.

[12.48] F. Naironi, Anoplia fidei Cathol. (Rome, 1694), p 58, et seq., and the work of S. Em. Paul Peter Masad, present patriarch of the Maronites, entitled Kitab ed. durr ed. manzoum (in Arabic, printed at the convent of Zamisch in the Kesronan, 1863).

[12.49] Acts xi. 19, 20; xiii. 1.

[12.50] Gal. ii. 11, et seq., presumes it to be so.