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The Angevins and the Charter (1154-1216)

Note 2 — PART I. STATUTES 1154-1216

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These important articles were omitted in the charters sworn by subsequent kings.

[3] Means of subsistence.

[4] The Latin is "quae per nos tempore nostro positae sunt in defenso." Henderson renders "made into places of defence." In Cassell's Dict. of English History it is rendered "in defiance." But defensum in Med. Latin = (1) "prohibition" hence the French défense, and (2) "a close season" for fishing or hunting. I suggest that here it is used in a sense midway between (1) and (2) and means "closed" permanently to the public, just as the forests were. Naturally there would be objections raised to new "close" forests and new "close" rivers. Both the other suggested translations appear meaningless.

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