Note 24 — Chapter XI · Otis and the War

Through the foregoing, and like causes, including the “water cure,” later invented to persuade amigos to discover the whereabouts of hidden insurgent guns or give information as to the movements of the enemy,24 our war with the Filipinos became, before it was over, a rather “dark and bloody” affair, accentuated as it was, from time to time, by occasional Filipino success in surprising detachments from ambush, or by taking them unawares and off their guard in their quarters, and eliminating them, the most notable instance of the first being the crumpling of a large command of the 15th Infantry by General Juan Cailles, in southern Luzon, and the most indelibly remembered and important example of the second being the massacre of the 9th Infantry people at Balangiga, in Samar, in the fall of 1901. Certainly more than one American in that long-drawn-out war did things unworthy of any civilized man, things he would have believed it impossible, before he went out there, ever to come to. Personally, I have heard, so far as I now recollect, of comparatively few barbarities perpetrated by Filipinos on captured American soldiers. Barbarities on their side seemed to have been reserved for those of their own race whom they found disloyal to the cause of their country. Personally I have never seen the water-cure administered. But I once went on a confidential mission by direction of General MacArthur, in the course of which I reported first, on arriving in the neighborhood of the contemplated destination, to a general officer of the regular army who is still such to-day.25 That night the general was good enough to extend the usual courtesy of a cot to sleep on, in the headquarters building. Toward dusk I went to dine with a certain lieutenant, also of the regular army.26 As we approached the lieutenant’s quarters a sergeant came up with a prisoner, and asked instructions as to what to do with him. The lieutenant said: “Take him out and find out what he knows. Do you understand, Sergeant?” The sergeant saluted, answered in the affirmative, and moved away with his prisoner. We went in to the lieutenant’s quarters, and while at dinner heard groans outside. I said “What is that, Jones?”27 Jones said: “That’s the water-cure he’s giving that hombre.28 Want to see it?” I replied that I certainly did not. Returning that night to the general’s headquarters, after breakfast the next morning I met my friend Jones coming out of the general’s office. I said: “What’s the matter, what are you doing here,” he having mentioned the evening before an expedition planned for the morrow. He said: “Well, I’ve just had a talk with the general to see if I could get my resignation from the army accepted?” “Why?” said I. “Well,” was the reply, “that ——” (designating the prisoner of the night before by a double barrelled epithet) “died on me last night.” Just how the matter was hushed up I have never known, but Jones was never punished. More than one general officer of the United States Army in the Philippines during our war with the Filipinos at least winked at the water-cure as a means of getting information, and quite a number of subalterns made a custom of applying it for that purpose. It was practically the only way you could get them to betray their countrymen. Did I report the incident to General MacArthur? Certainly not. It was the business of the general commanding the district. The water-cure, though very painful, was seldom fatal, and when not fatal was almost never permanently damaging, and it was about the only way to shake the loyalty of the average Filipino and make him give information as to hidden insurgent guns, guerrilla bands, etc. It was a part of Benevolent Assimilation.