Note 769 — Chapter XV · PECULIARITIES OF ROMAN LAW: THE LEGISLATION OF JUSTINIAN
Reading edition
Pand., I, i, 1; Instit., i, 1.
[770] See p. 241.
[771] Pand. XLVIII, viii, 11, etc. Illustrated by the story of Androcles and the lion; Aulus Gel., v. 14.
[772] Suetonius, Claudius, 25.
[773] Hist. Aug., Hadrian, 18.
[774] Gaius, i, 52, etc.; Seneca, De Benef., iii, 22; see p. 43.
[775] Cf. Cod., I, xxv.
[776] See p. 114.
[777] Seneca, De Clement., i, 24.
[778] Cod. VII, vi; vii; Instit., i, 5.
[779] Suetonius, Octavius Aug., 40; Gaius, i, 42 et seq.
[780] Cod., VII, iii; Instit., i, 7.
[781] Instit., i, 6. He allowed him to manumit at 17 instead of 20 as previously.
[782] Cod., VII, vii, 1.
[783] Ibid., xxiv; Instit., iii, 13.
[784] Ibid., vi.
[785] Ibid., vii, 2.
[786] Cod., VI, xxxv, ii; VII, ii, 15. He quotes a sentiment of Lucan, "To think nothing accomplished while anything remained to be done," àpropos of some legislation of Marcus Aurelius, which he essays to complete.
[787] Ibid.
[788] Nov. lxxviii.
[789] Instit., iii, 8.
[790] Cod., VI, iv, 4; Instit., iii, 7.
[791] Cod., VII, xv, 3.
[792] Cod., I, iv, 24; VIII, lii, 3; Nov. cliii.
[793] Cod., VIII, lii, 4; Nov. cliii, 1.
[794] Cod., XI, xlvii, 23, etc.
[795] XII Tab., iii, 5 (Aul. Gel., xx, 1).
[796] Livy, vi, 34; vii, 42, etc.
[797] Nov. lx.
[798] Nov. cxxxiv, 7.
[799] Nov. cxxxiv, 8, 9.
[800] Cod., IV, xxxii, 26; Nov. cvi; cxxxviii, etc.
[801] Instit., i, 9; Cod., VIII, xlvii.
[802] Seneca, De Clement., i, 14, 15.
[803] Cod., IX, xvii. He was to be thrown into the sea sewn up in a sack with a dog, a cock, a viper, and an ape; cf. Instit., iv, 18.
[804] Cod., VII, xvi, 1; cf. Pand., XLVIII, ix, 5.
[805] See p. 90.
[806] Cod., I, iii, 55; Nov. cxxiii, 41, etc.
[807] Nov. lxxxi.
[808] Instit., iv, 8.
[809] Cod., VIII, lii, 3; Nov. cliii.
[810] Gaius, ii, 106; Juvenal, Sat. xvi, 51.
[811] Cod., XII, xxxvii.
[812] Cod., VI, lxi, 6
[813] Nov. cxvii, 1; cf. cxxxiv, 11.
[814] Generally see Muirhead's Private Law of Rome (by Gould), Edin., 1899, pp. 163, 270 et seq., and the reconstruction of the XII Tab. thereto appended; also Gaius, iii, 18, etc.
[815] Livy, vi, 42; vii, 1, etc.
[816] Pand., I, i, 7.
[817] The way in which the Prætor gave relief to those hard pressed by the letter of the law, is expressed very clearly throughout the Institutes, especially in iii, 1, 2, 9, etc.
[818] Eutropius, viii, 9; Cod. I, xvii, Tanta (Δέδωκεν), etc.
[819] By the XII Tab., as J. points out, males and females, apart from agnation, had equal rights in successions; Cod., VI, lviii, 14.
[820] Nov. cxviii; cxxvii; cf. Instit., i, 11; iii, 1.
[821] The Lex Falcidia, concerning which there is much matter in Code, Pand., and Nov., etc.; cf. Gaius, ii, 226.
[822] Nov. cxv. Other causes for disinheriting were a son going on the stage, or a daughter under twenty-five refusing to marry a certain person, etc.
[823] Lex Papia-Poppaea, Pand., XXXVIII, xi; XXIII, i, and commentators; Gaius, i, 178, etc.
[824] Cod., V, ix.
[825] Cod., VI, xl; Nov. xxii, 43. He speaks of a law said to have been passed by one Julius Miscellus, but there was no such person. For a clue to the muddle, see Daremberg and S. Dict. Antiq. sb. Lex, where the best list of these old laws will be found.
[826] Nov. lxxiv, 4, etc. He excuses these lapses by "nothing is stronger than the fury of love, and how can those so affected resist the blandishments of those they love?"
[827] Cod. V, xxvii, 6, 7, 8; Nov. lxxxix, 12, 15, etc. Incestuous children are, however, barred from all such privileges.
[828] Cod., V, xvii, 8.
[829] Ibid., 11; Nov. xxii. Some of Justinian's just causes of divorce are procuring abortion and bathing in the public baths with men. Wife-beaters are not divorceable, but must make large pecuniary compensation; Nov. cxvii, 14.
[830] Nov. cxvii, 10; cxxxiv, 11.
[831] Nov. cxl.
[832] See the two prefaces to the Code.
[833] Cod., I, xvii, 1.
[834] As mentioned in Cod., I, xvii, 2, 3 (Tanta and Δέδωκεν).
[835] Thirty-nine legal writers were excerpted, but many others are referred to incidentally. A sketch of the origin and development of Roman law, as well as the names and connection of the chief practitioners from Pomponius, is included; Pand., I, ii, 2.
[836] Cod., I, xvii, 2, 3; cf. I, xiv, 12. It was part of the scheme that no antinomies or contradictions should occur. Several such, however, have been detected by later jurists.
[837] Instit., præf.
[838] Pand., præf. (Omnem). See p. 219.
[839] Cod., præf., 3. The fifty Decis. are scattered through the Code without clue to their location. One Merillus spent twenty years in trying to solve the crux of identifying them.
[840] Some jottings as to the practice of the bar in this age occur in Ammianus, xxx, 4; Jn. Lydus, De Magistr., ii, 17; and Agathias, iii, 1. From the first it seems that there were a great many pettifogging lawyers, who made a practice of fleecing clients by involving them in interminable litigation.