THE CONTENTS.
Reading edition
I. PROLEGOMENA.
SECT. I.
On the State of the Homeric Question.
Objects of this WorkPage 1
Results thus far of the Homeric Controversy2
Improved apparatus for the Study of Homer4
Effect of the poems on Civilization5
They do not compete with the Holy Scriptures6
SECT. II.
The Place of Homer in Classical Education.
Study of Homer in the English Universities9
Homer should not be studied as a Poet only11
His claims compared with those of other Poets14
Study of Homer in the Public Schools18
SECT. III.
On the Historic Aims of Homer.
High organization of the Poems21
The presumption is that the Poet had Historic aims22
Positive signs of them23
Pursued even at some cost of Poetical beauty26
Minuter indications28
General tone28
Hypothesis of reproduction inadmissible30
What is chiefly meant by his Historic aims35
SECT. IV.
On the probable Date of Homer.
The main question: is he an original witness36
Adverse arguments37
Affirmative arguments39
SECT. V.
The probable Trustworthiness of the Text of Homer.
The received text to be adopted as a basis42
Failure of other methods44
State of the Manuscripts46
Complaints of interpolation47
Testimonies concerning the early use of the Poems49
Preservative power of the Recitations or matches55
Pseudo-Homeric poems56
Argument from the Cyclic poems59
The Alexandrian period60
Amount and quality of guarantees64
Improbability of wilful falsification67
Internal evidence of soundness in detail69
SECT. VI.
Place and Authority of Homer in Historical Inquiry.
Homer paramount as a literary authority71
He has suffered through credulity73
And through incredulity79
Proposed method of treatment81
Instances of contrary method, (1) Hellen and his family82
Authority of Hesiod84
Instance (2), personality of Helen87
Conclusion89
II. ACHÆIS.
ETHNOLOGY OF THE GREEK RACES.
SECT. I.
Scope of the Inquiry.
Preliminary objection of Mr. Grote stated93
Synopsis of national and tribal names to be examined96
SECT. II.
On the Pelasgians, and cognate races.
The Pelasgians100
Pelasgic Argos101
Dodona106
Thessaly and the Southern Islands109
Epithets for Pelasgians113
Use of this name in the singular114
The Pelasgians and Larissa115
The Arcadians Pelasgian119
Why προσέληνοι121
The Arcadians afterwards the Swiss of Greece122
The Graians or Greeks123
Ceres and the Pelasgians124
The Iaones or Ionians127
The Athenians in the Catalogue129
The Catalogue, vv. 546-9129
The same, vv. 550,132
The same, vv. 553-5135
Review of the Homeric evidence as to the Athenians137
Their relations with Minerva140
Post-Homeric evidence of the Pelasgianism of Attica145
The Pelasgians related to Egypt148
The Egyptians semi-fabulous to Homer151
Their Pelasgian resemblances, in Homer and otherwise153
The Greeks of the Iliad why never termed Pelasgian156
The Θρῇκες and Θρῃίκιοι158
The Caucones and Leleges161
SECT. III.
The Pelasgians: and certain States naturalized or akin to Greece.
Minos in Homer166
His origin167
His place in the nether world168
The power of Crete169
Two of the five races apparently Pelasgian170
The tradition of Deucalion172
The extent of the Minoan Empire175
Evidence of Post-Homeric tradition176
Circumstantial evidence178
The Lycians181
Their points of connection with Greece183
Elements of the population185
Cyprus188
Inhabitants probably Pelasgian190
No other name competes with the Pelasgian as designating the
first inhabitants of Greece193
The Pelasgians were the base or substratum of the Greek nation194
Post-Homeric testimony respecting them195
K. O. Müller’s Summary200
The Pelasgian language203
The Pelasgian route into Greece205
Probably twofold206
Route of the Helli208
Peloponnesus the old centre of power209
Derivation of the Pelasgian name211
SECT. IV.
On the Phœnicians and the Outer Geography of the Odyssey.
Tokens of the Phœnicians in Greece216
Limits of Homer’s Inner or Greek Geography217
And Greek Navigation219
His Outer Geography Phœnician221
The traditions connected therewith also Phœnician223
Minos the Ὀλοόφρων225
Commercial aptitude of the modern Greeks227
The Homeric Mouth of Ocean228
The two Geographical reports are blended into one228
The Siceli and Sicania229
Their site is probably on the Bruttian Coast231
The Epirus of Homer234
The Thesprotians in Homer235
The Cadmeans in Homer239
Period from which they date240
Conclusions respecting them244
SECT. V.
On the Catalogue.
The Greek Catalogue, properly an Array or Review245
The Preface246
The List247
The principle of arrangement249
The distribution in chief250
The sub-distribution251
Proofs of historic aim255
Genealogies of the Catalogue256
The Epilogue259
The Trojan Catalogue261
SECT. VI.
On the Hellenes of Homer.
The word Hellas the key to this inquiry264
List of passages where used265
Some of them admit the narrow sense266
Some refuse it268
None require it272
Hellenes in Il. ii. 684274
Panhellenes in Il. ii. 530277
Cephallenes in Il. ii. 631 and elsewhere278
The Helli or Selli279
Selli of the Scholiast of Aristophanes280
SECT. VII.
On the respective contributions of the Pelasgian and Hellenic factors to the compound of the Greek nation.
Contributions to Mythology285
Correspondences with Rome and Troy287
The Pelasgian religion less imaginative289
Their ritual development fuller290
Order of Priests in Homer not Hellenic293
Contributions to language294
Classes of words which agree298
Classes which differ301
Evidence from names of persons307
General rules of discrimination309
Names of the Pelasgian class311
Names of the Hellenic class317
Contributions to political ideas320
To martial ideas320
Corporal education and Games322
Music and Song329
Supposed Pelasgianism of the Troic age331
The traditions of Hunting332
The practice of Navigation336
Summary of the case338
States especially Hellic or Pelasgic342
SECT. VIII.
On the three greater Homeric appellatives.
Modes of formation for names of peoples346
The three greater appellatives not synonymous348
Proofs of their distinctive use350
The Argive Juno, Argive Helen353
The Danaans of Homer355
Epithets of the three appellatives356
The Danaan name dynastic359
Compared with the Cadmean name361
Epoch of the dynasty363
Post-Homeric tradition366
Application of the name Argos368
Achaic and Iasian Argos373
The phrase μέσον Ἄργος378
The Apian land379
Summary of geographical conclusions380
Etymology of the word Argos381
Its connection with ἔργον384
The etymology tested by kindred words388
The Danaan Argeians of Od. viii. 578391
The Argive Juno392
Transition to Achæans393
Relation of Argeian and Pelasgian names396
The etymology illustrated397
Different extent of Ἀργεῖοι and Ἄργος401
Propositions as to the Achæan name402
Particulars of its use403
Signs of its leaning to the aristocracy406
Mode of its application in Ithaca411
Its local sense in Thessaly416
In Crete417
In Pylos418
In Eastern Peloponnesus419
Force of the name Παναχαιοὶ420
The Æolid and Æolian names423
The Heraclids in Homer425
The descent of the Æolids427
The earliest Hellenic thrones in Greece429
The Danaan and Argive names used nationally in poetry only431
Summary of the evidence433
Later literary history of the three great appellatives436
Their value as primitive History437
SECT. IX.
On the Homeric title of ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν.
Difference between Epithets and Titles440
Examples of Homeric titles443
The Βασιλεὺς of Homer443
Common interpretations of the ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν443
Some particulars of its use in Homer446
How far connected with metrical convenience447
The κρείων and the ποιμὴν λαῶν448
Arguments for a specific meaning in ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν450
Persons to whom the title is applied453
Persons to whom it might have been applied455
Associations of reverence with it456
It may indicate patriarchal chieftaincy459
Presumptions of this in the case of Agamemnon461
Propositions respecting his extraction and station463
Arguments against his Hellenic descent considered465
Connection of Tantalus with Greece and with Pelops466
As to the seat of his power470
Homeric notices of Pelops471
The Achæans rose with him472
They came from Thessaly474
The Dorians appropriate the Pelopid succession477
Protest against the popular tradition of the Hellenidæ480
Which, however, bears witness to the connection with Thessaly481
Case of Agamemnon summed up482
The cases of Anchises and Æneas484
Presumptive evidence as to Anchises486
Presumptive evidence as to Æneas486
Evidence from the Dardanid genealogy489
From the horses of Tros490
Evidence summed up491
Signs of kin between Trojans and Greeks492
Signs connected with the Hellic name496
The Hellespont of Homer497
The gift of Echepolus Anchisiades499
Twofold bond, Hellic as well as Pelasgic499
Case of Augeias stated500
Notes of connection between Elis and the North502
Relation of Augeias to the name Ephyre504
Cluster of apparently cognate names505
The race of Φῆρες509
Common root of all these names510
Probable signification of Ἐφύρη513
Places bearing the name Ἐφύρη515
Summary of the evidence for Augeias519
Case of Euphetes520
The site of his Ephyre521
Case of Eumelus526
The ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν is descended from Jupiter529
The four notes of the ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν531
Negative proofs532
Persons with the four notes but without the title536
Its disappearance with Homer538
Signs in the Iliad of political disorganization539
More extensively in the Odyssey542
General significancy of the title ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν543
SECT. X.
On the connection of the Hellenes and Achæans with the East.
The Achæan name has no mark of a Greek origin545
Means for pursuing the inquiry546
The two groups of Indo-European languages547
Corresponding distinction of races548
Province of Fars or Persia proper549
Ascendancy of the Persians550
Relation of the Germani to the Celts551
And to the Hellenes552
The Persian tribe of Γερμάνιοι554
The Homeric traces of the Persian name555
The Achæan name in Persia556
Its probable etymology557
The Persians according to Herodotus558
The comparison as to religious belief561
As to ritual, and other resemblances563
Evidence of the Behistun inscription565
The organization established by Darius566
Presumptions from the term Βασιλεύς567
Hellenic traits in modern Persia568
The Eelliats571
Media a probable source of the Pelasgi571
Addenda573
STUDIES ON HOMER AND THE HOMERIC AGE.