Note 35 — Chapter III · On the Origin of Ferments properly so called.

This observation had already been made by Anthon and H. Hoffmann. “If we scrape the surface of a gooseberry with a blunt knife,” says H. Hoffmann, “and put under the microscope the scrapings, which are of a whitish colour, we shall recognize amongst many varieties of shapeless dirt, earthy particles and other things, the same fungoid spores that we find in the expressed juice, but we shall see them there in infinitely larger quantities. Some of them will be of a dusky colour (Stemphylium, Cladosporium), and others will be colourless; the shape of these latter will be round or oval, and cylindrical. Most of them will bear resemblance to beads of the chaplets of Oidium, Monilia, Torula (that is to say, to spores of certain Hyphomycetes), which have been detached and carried off by the wind, and have attached themselves to the fruit. Some of these spores will be already provided with short germinating filaments.” (Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, t. xiii. p. 21, 1860).