Note 228 — Chapter VIII

Dr Wolf perhaps draws a distinction between the proposition “If there are any S’s they must all be P’s” and the proposition “If there are any S’s they are all P’s,” giving to the former an apodeictic, and to the latter a merely assertoric, force. But if so, then the former is implied by All S is P, only if this proposition is apodeictic, not if it is merely assertoric. The argument is in this case irrelevant so far as the position which I take is concerned, since it is only the assertoric SaP that I regard as equivalent to SPʹ = 0. Dr Wolf can hardly maintain that all propositions of the form All S is P are apodeictic. His whole treatment of the subject with which we are now dealing appears, however, to be valid only if it relates to a modal schedule of propositions. At the same time he nowhere clearly indicates a limitation of this kind, and many of the doctrines which he criticises are intended by those who adopt them to apply only to an assertoric schedule.