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Spencer's Philosophy of Science

Note 72 — Front matter

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I have avoided the use of the word determine. It would be well to distinguish between that which is determined from without, that is, conditioned, and that which is determinate, that is, grounded in the constitution. I am here, I think, in line with Bosanquet. (See Principle of Individuality and Value, e. g. pp. 341, 352.) I have also avoided all reference to teleology. Without committing myself to the acceptance of all that Mr. Bosanquet says in the fourth lecture of the series to which reference has just been made, his treatment, there, appears to be on right lines. There is no opposition in teleology, so treated, to what is determinate. Indeed, such teleology is the expression of the logical structure of the world, or, as Spencer would say, the universality of law. For just as higher types of relatedness imply a substratum of physico-chemical processes, so do all events imply the underlying logic of events. Cf. W. T. Marvin, A First Book of Metaphysics, ch. xiii, 'On the logical strata of reality.'

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