Note 342 — Chapter II · THE GROWTH OF THE REPUBLICAN CONSTITUTION

Cicero (de Rep. ii. 31, 53) gives as the tenor of the first Valerian law “ne quis magistratus civem Romanum adversus provocationem necaret neve verberaret.” Dionysius (v. 19) adds ζημιοῦν εἰς χρήματα to ἀποκτείνειν ἢ μαστιγοῦν, and Plutarch (Publ. 11) seems to give it the same wide scope. He also thinks that Valerius fixed the multa suprema (l.c.), i.e. the largest fine the magistrate could impose without appeal. These statements may, however, be deductions from the later provocatio.