Note 2 — Chapter X · After the War.

Machiavelli, in his “Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy,” book ii., chap, iii., in explaining the great difference in the relative growth of the Roman and Spartan republics, relates that “Lycurgus, the founder of the Spartan republic, believing that nothing could more readily destroy his laws than the admixture of new inhabitants, did every thing possible to deter strangers from flocking thither. Besides denying them intermarriage, citizenship, and all other companionships (conversationi) that bring men together, he ordered that in his republic only leather (non-exportable) money should be used, so as to indispose all strangers to bring merchandise into Sparta, or to exercise any kind of art or industry there, so that the city never could increase in population.”