Note 297 — Chapter VII

Morning News, Aug. 7, 1956, p. 5.

[298] News and Courier, May 19, 1954, p. 4; May 20, 1954, p. 4.

[299] Morning News, May 22, 1954, p. 4.

[300] News and Courier, May 30, 1954, p. 8-A.

[301] Morning News, May 21, 1954, p. 1; July 16, 1954, p. 3-A; Sept. 1, 1954, p. 1.

[302] Record, Jan. 4, 1956, p. 1; Morning News, Jan. 15, 1956, p. 3-B.

[303] News and Courier, July 30, 1956, p. 1.

[304] Independent, July 29, 1955, p. 1; Nov. 4, 1955, p. 28.

[305] News and Courier, Oct. 20, 1954, p. 8-A.

[306] S. C. Senate Journal (1956), p. 55.

[307] News and Courier, Jan. 20, 1955, p. 11-A.

[308] Record, Nov. 4, 1955, p. 7-A.

[309] South Carolina Senate Journal (1955), p. 15.

[310] Independent, June 26, 1956, p. 7.

[311] Morning News, Apr. 27, 1956, p. 10-A.

[312] News and Courier, Jan. 13, 1955, p. 14-A.

[313] Morning News, July 9, 1954, p. 4-A; Aug. 4, 1954, p. 4.

[314] South Carolina Senate Journal (1955), p. 15.

[315] News and Courier, May 21, 1955, p. 6-A.

[316] Ibid., Nov. 29, 1955, p. 1-B; Sept. 8, 1955, p. 1-B; also South Carolina Senate Journal (1955), pp. 14-27; South Carolina Senate Journal (1956), pp. 38-44.

[317] Independent, May 26, 1954, p. 3.

[318] News and Courier, Aug. 9, 1954, p. 4.

[319] Independent, July 25, 1954, p. 4.

[320] News and Courier, Aug. 7, 1954, p. 16.

[321] Ibid., May 30, 1954, p. 8-A; Oct. 29, 1955, p. 8-A; May 25, 1956, p. 4.

[322] Morning News, Apr. 28, 1956, p. 1; Aug. 7, 1956, p. 5.

[323] News and Courier, Aug. 1, 1955, p. 7-A.

[324] Morning News, May 28, 1954, p. 4.

[325] News and Courier, May 25, 1954, p. 6.

[326] Ibid., Oct. 10, 1954, p. 2-A.

[327] Morning News, Aug. 12, 1955, p. 1; Aug. 7, 1955, p. 1.

[328] News and Courier, June 30, 1955, p. 10-A; S. C. Senate Journal (1956), pp. 52-53.

[329] Independent, Jan. 9, 1956, p. 1.

[330] News and Courier, Mar. 29, 1957, p. 1.

[331] Independent, Oct. 26, 1955, p. 14.

[332] Ibid., Jan. 7, 1956, p. 5. According to the annual report of the state Superintendent of Education for 1953-54 South Carolina received $8,216,840 from the federal government for education in 1952-53 and $5,946,597 for 1953-54. These figures represented 8.88 percent and 4.38 percent respectively of the total school budget.

[333] News and Courier, Feb. 26, 1956, p. 8-A; Record, May 24, 1954, p. 4-A; Morning News, Aug. 26, 1955, p. 4-A.

[334] Independent, Dec. 17, 1955, p. 4; Morning News, July 15, 1956, p. 4-A.

[335] Record, Aug. 15, 1957, p. 1; State, Aug. 19, 1957, p. 4-A; News and Courier, Aug. 17, 1957, p. 6-A.

[336] News and Courier, Nov. 29, 1955, p. 1-B; South Carolina Senate Journal (1955), pp. 19-27.

[337] Morning News, Feb. 9, 1955, p. 1; Mar. 2, 1955, p. 1; Independent, Feb. 23, 1955, p. 1.

[338] Independent, Feb. 11, 1955, p. 4.

[339] News and Courier, Mar. 12, 1955, p. 6-A.

[340] Ibid., May 28, 1955, p. 1.

[341] South Carolina Senate Journal (1955), pp. 134, 652.

[342] Morning News, May 26, 1956, p. 10. A further example of the frame of mind of the legislature was the passage of a resolution which declared that the Confederate Battle Flag symbolized “the divine cause of human freedom for which our forefathers fought and for which the men, women and children of the South displayed a courage and devotion to duty unparalleled in the history of the world.” South Carolina Senate Journal (1956), p. 1185.

[343] News and Courier, Dec. 18, 1955, p. 1.

[344] Morning News, Dec. 29, 1955, p. 1; Feb. 15, 1956, p. 6.

[345] News and Courier, Feb. 7, 1956, p. 1-B.

[346] Record, May 1, 1956, p. 4-A.

[347] Ibid., Jan. 10, 1956, p. 4-A.

[348] Morning News, Dec. 30, 1955, p. 4.

[349] Independent, Feb. 1, 1956, p. 4; Feb. 5, 1956, p. 4.

[350] News and Courier, Feb. 3, 1956, p. 16-A; Dec. 17, 1955, p. 6-A; Apr. 26, 1956, p. 16-A.

[351] South Carolina Senate Journal (1956), p. 164.

[352] Ibid., pp. 150-155.

[353] Morning News, Jan. 11, 1956, p. 1.

[354] South Carolina House Journal (1956), p. 322.

[355] News and Courier, Feb. 3, 1956, p. 1.

[356] Independent, Feb. 9, 1956, p. 4.

[357] Record, Feb. 3, 1956, p. 4-A.

[358] Morning News, Feb. 3, 1956, p. 1.

[359] News and Courier, Sept. 4, 1957, p. 10-A; State, Sept. 5, 1957, p. 4-A; Sept. 7, 1957, p. 4-A.

[360] South Carolina Senate Journal (1956), pp. 387-388.

[361] News and Courier, Jan. 24, 1957, p. 12-A. Most, though not all of South Carolina’s Negro teachers apparently answered these questions satisfactorily. Those who did not lost their jobs. However, when considering this fact one should also bear in mind that the Palmetto Education Association, which represents the state’s approximately 7,000 Negro teachers, adopted a resolution in 1955 stating its approval of the Supreme Court’s desegregation decision and offering its assistance to white school authorities in “discussing, outlining, and implementing plans for universal public education” in South Carolina “within the framework of the recent ruling of the United States Supreme Court.”

[362] Morning News, Jan. 18, 1956, p. 1.

[363] Ibid., Feb. 10, 1956, p. 4-A; Jan. 20, 1956, p. 4-A.

[364] Independent, Feb. 21, 1956, p. 1. The quotation from the Walterboro Press and Standard appears in this article.

[365] Record, Feb. 16, 1956, p. 4-A.

[366] News and Courier, July 15, 1955, p. 12-A; Jan. 21, 1956, p. 6-A.

[367] Morning News, Jan. 18, 1956, p. 1; Feb. 18, 1956, p. 7.

[368] Ibid., Mar. 1, 1956, p. 2.

[369] Jerrold Beim, The Swimming Hole, (New York: Morrow and Co., 1950).

[370] This summary of the Swimming Hole affair was taken from Morning News, Mar. 2, 1956, p. 1; Mar. 7, 1956, p. 1; and Mar. 9, 1956, p. 1; South Carolina House Journal (1956), pp. 936-937; Record, Mar. 10, 1956, p. 4-A; and News and Courier, Mar. 8, 1956, p. 16-A.

[371] News and Courier, Apr. 24, 1957, p. 1-B; Apr. 27, 1957, p. 8-A; State, Apr. 17, 1957; Apr. 24, 1957.

[372] State, Apr. 17, 1957; Apr. 24, 1957.

[373] News and Courier, Mar. 1, 1957, p. 1; Mar. 2, 1957, p. 8-A.

[374] Ibid., Feb. 10, 1957, p. 3-A; Apr. 25, 1957, p. 1; Apr. 8, 1957, p. 12; Jan. 17, 1957, p. 14-A; Mar. 8, 1957, p. 1-B.

[375] Record, May 2, 1957.

[376] State, Aug. 6, 1957, p. 1; Sept. 10, 1957, p. 1; Record, Aug. 6, 1957, p. 1.

[377] Record, Sept. 21, 1957, p. 10-A.

[378] Radio WIS broadcast, Sept. 14, 1957.

[379] State, Sept. 21, 1957, p. 3-B.

[380] Morning News, Sept. 24, 1957, p. 4.

[381] Record, Jan. 10, 1958, p. 1; State, Jan. 11, 1958, p. 1; Baltimore Afro-American, Jan. 11, 1958, p. 2.

[382] State, Jan. 1, 1958, p. 1; Jan. 3, 1958, p. 1; Record, Jan. 2, 1958, p. 1; New York Times, Jan. 3, 1958, p. 14.

[383] Record, Jan. 10, 1958, p. 1; State, Jan. 11, 1958, p. 1; News and Courier, Jan. 11, 1958, p. 1-B.

[384] Record, Jan. 15, 1958, p. 8-B. On April 9 the South Carolina general assembly provided for a 6 man committee, 3 members from the Senate and 3 from the House, to probe Communism and Communist activities in the state. Ibid., April 9, 1958.

[385] U.P. Wire, Jan. 16, 1958.

[386] State, Jan. 16, 1958, p. 1; ibid., Jan. 17, 1958, p. 1-B; ibid., Jan. 23, 1958, p. 8-A; Record, Jan. 17, 1958, p. 3-A.

[387] State, Jan. 16, 1958, p. 1; Record, Jan. 17, 1958, p. 3-A.

[388] State, Jan. 17, 1958, p. 1-B.

[389] Record, Jan. 29, 1958, pp. 1, 6-A.

[390] State, Feb. 5, 1958, p. 8-B; Feb. 8, 1958, p. 1-B; Feb. 4, 1958, p. 9-B; Record, Feb. 1, 1958, p. 10-A.

[391] Record, Feb. 14, 1958, p. 6-A; Feb. 20, 1958, p. 1; State, Feb. 25, 1958, p. 9-A.

[392] News and Courier, Dec. 1, 1955, p. 1-B; Dec. 2, 1955, p. 8-A.

[393] S. C. Senate Journal (1956), pp. 226-227.

[394] News and Courier, Apr. 28, 1956, p. 1.

[395] Record, Apr. 23, 1956, p. 1; Apr. 26, 1956, p. 4-A; Morning News, Apr. 24, 1956, p. 1.

[396] Morning News, Apr. 24, 1956, p. 3; News and Courier, Dec. 8, 1955, p. 8-A; S. C. House Journal (1956), p. 15.

[397] Independent, July 24, 1955, p. 1; July 25, 1955, p. 3; Aug. 18, 1955, p. 1.

[398] State, June 26, 1957, p. 4-A.