Note 11 — Chapter VIII

My experience agrees with that of Mr. H. Williams (Ent. Rec., VIII, 1896, p. 181) that pupae, well-formed, can stand considerable frost; but I used to find that half-grown larvae usually died if unprotected, and I believe that larvae which attempted to pupate in warm autumn weather and then got caught by frosts, always died. Small larvae which can creep into shelter at the bottom of the plants survived, and I expect that in the north the winter is usually passed in that state (see also Merrifield, F., Ent. Rec., VIII, 1896, p. 168, and Carpenter, J. H., ibid.).