Note 3 — Chapter VII

The other variations of this bird are also interesting and important. The normal male has a red head and a red throat. The female has a red head and a white throat, but varieties of the female are known with a black head, thus again illustrating the change from black to red. It should be noted that this is not a mere retention of a juvenile character, but, as the birds mature, the red feathers come up, or as an exception, the black. There is also a western species, ruber, in which both sexes have a great extension of red, and are alike. The male of nuchalis intergrades with this type, but the female does not.