Note A3-1-7 — Chapter III

Compare Alby in the Revue des deux Mondes, Oct., 1869, and, per contra, Cairnes, Principles, p. 458. The misfortunes of war or internal disquiet have frequently driven away the best labor-forces of an old industrial state, and thus powerfully promoted a young protective system in the neighborhood. Reception of Byzantine silk-weavers in Venice, during the crusade to Constantinople, of Flemish wool-weavers in England, under Edward III. (Rymer, Foedera, III, 1, 23) and Elizabeth; of Huguenot industrial workmen under the great elector, etc. The growth of the Zurich silk industry by the settlement there of expelled Protestants from Locarno.

England, indeed, had, up to 1849, protective duties both for industry and agriculture. But the protective duties were of no real importance, except in the case of the latter, because the greater part of England's industrial products were superior to foreign competition without the help of protective duties. Something similar is true of most duties on raw material in the United States.