Note 235-1 — Chapter II

Hessian law that only apothecaries should retail brandy, 1530. English tobacco laws of 1604; Rymer, Fœdera, XVI, 601. Papal excommunication fulminated in 1624, against all who took snuff in church, and repeated in 1690. A Turkish law of 1610 provided that all smokers should have the pipe broken against their nose. A Russian law of 1634, prohibiting smoking under penalty of death. In Switzerland, even in the 17th century, no one could smoke except in secret. Coffee had a hard struggle even in its native place. (Ritter, Erdkunde, XIII, 574 ff.) Prohibited in Turkey in 1633, under pain of death. v. Hammer, Osmanische Staatsverwaltung, I, 75. In 1769, coffee was still prohibited in Basel, and was allowed to be sold by apothecaries only, and as medicine. (Burkhardt, C. Basel, I, 68.) Hanoverian prohibition of the coffee trade in the rural districts in 1780: Schlözer, Briefwechsel, VIII, 123 ff.