Note 1 — I GIOSUÈ CARDUCCI AND THE HELLENIC REACTION IN ITALY

“Rome itself had never gathered the Italian cities into what we call a nation; and when Rome, the world's head, fell, the municipalities of Italy remained, and the Italian people sprang to life again by contact with their irrecoverable past. Then, though the church swayed Europe from Italian soil, she had nowhere less devoted subjects than in Italy. Proud as the Italians had been of the empire, proud as they now were of the church, still neither the Roman Empire nor the Roman Church imposed on the Italian character.”—Symonds's “Renaissance in Italy.” Literature. II., p. 524.