Note Footnotes — Front matter
Reading edition
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Healy, 46.
[2] Healy, 50.
[3] Sandys, i. 245.
[4] On the connection between Eastern and Celtic monachism, see Stokes (G.T.).
[5] Stokes (W.), T. L., i. 30; ii. 446.
[6] Ib. ii. 421; ii 475.
[7] D. N. B., xliv. 39; Stokes (W.), T. L., i. 191.
[8] Abgitorium, abgatorium; elementa, elimenta. Stokes (W.), T. L., i. cliii.; also i. 111, 113, 139, 191, 308, 320, 322, 326, 327, 328.
[9] In 536, fifty monks from the Continent landed at Cork.—Montalembert, ii. 248n. Migrations from Gaul were frequent about this time.
[10] Bury, 217; cp. 220.
[11] Joyce, i. 478.
[12] Adamnan, lib. ii. c. 29, iii. c. 15 and c. 23.
[13] Dr. Skene says the Psalter incident “bears the stamp of spurious tradition”; so does the Longarad story; but it is curious how often sacred books play a part in these tales.
[14] Henderson, Norse Influence on Celtic Scotland, 5-6.
[15] Moore, Hist. of Ireland, i. 266.
[16] Healy, 379; Stokes (M.)2, 118. Ergo quotidie jejunandum est, sicut quotidie orandum est, quotidie laborandum, quotidie est legendum.
[17] A ninth century catalogue of St. Gall mentions thirty-one volumes and pamphlets in the Irish tongue—Prof. Pflugk-Harttung, in R. H. S. (N. S.), v. 92. Becker names only thirty, p. 43. At Reichenau, a monastery near St. Gall, also famous for its library, there were “Irish education, manuscripts, and occasionally also Irish monks.” “One of the most ancient monuments of the German tongue, the vocabulary of St. Gall, dating from about 780, is written in the Irish character.”
[18] D.C.B. sub nom.
[19] Stokes (G. T.), 221.
[20] Ib. 220.
[21] Haddan, 267.
[22] Hyde, 221.
[23] Joyce, Short Hist. of I., 165.
[24] Bede, H. E., iii. 27; Healy, 101; Stokes (G. T.), 230.
[25] Camb. Lit., i. 66.
[26] Healy, 272.
[27] Alcuin, Willibrord, c. 4.
[28] See full account, R. H. S. (N. S.), v. 75.
[29] Sandys, i. 480.
[30] R. H. S. (N. S.), v. 90.
[31] Sandys, i. 480; Stokes (M.)2, 210.
[32]
“Sancte Columba tibi Scotto tuus incola Dungal Tradidit hunc librum, quo fratrum corda beentur. Qui leges ergo Deus pretium sit muneris, oro.”—Healy, 392.
[33] Stokes (M.)2, 206-7, 247.
[34] Sandys, i. 463.
[35] Moore, Hist. of I., i. 299; Boll. Iul. t. vii. 222.
[36] The following, among others, are still on the Continent: Gospels of Willibrord (Bibl. Nat. Lat. 9389, 739), Gospel of St. John (Cod. 60 St. Gall c. 750-800); Book of Fragments (No. 1395, St. Gall, c. 750-800); The Golden Gospels (Royal library, Stockholm, 871); Gospels of St. Arnoul, Metz (Nuremberg Museum, 7th c.).—Cp. Maclean, 207-8; Hyde, 267.
[37] Adamnan, 365n.
[38] Hyde, 220; Stokes (M.), 10, “Connachtach, an Abbot of Iona who died in 802, is called in the Irish annals ‘a scribe most choice.’ ”—Trenholme, Iona, 32.
[39] Tech-screptra; domus scripturarum.
[40] Leabhar coimedach. Adamnan, 359, note m.
[41] Joyce, i. 483.
[42] At vero hoc audiens Colcius tempus et horam in tabula describens.—Adamnan, 66. Columba is said to have blessed one hundred pólaires or tablets (Leabhar Breac, fo. 16-60; Stokes (M.), 51). The boy Benen, who followed Patrick, bore tablets on his back (folaire, corrupt for pólaire).—Stokes (W.), T. L., 47. Patrick gave to Fiacc a case containing a tablet. Ib. 344. An example of a waxed tablet, with a case for it, is in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy. The case is a wooden cover, divided into hollowed-out compartments for holding the styles. This specimen dates from the thirteenth or fourteenth century. Slates and pencils were also in use for temporary purposes.—Joyce, i. 483.
[43] See Thompson, 236, where Irish calligraphy is fully dealt with; Camb. Lit., i. 13.
[44] Trans. R. I. Acad., vol. xviii. 1838.
[45] Stokes (W.), T. L., 75. The terms used for satchels are sacculi (Lat.), and tiag, or tiag liubhair or teig liubair (Ir.). There has been some confusion between pólaire and tiag, the former being regarded as a leather case for a single book, the latter a satchel for several books. This distinction is made in connection with the ancient Irish life of Columba, which is therefore made to read that the saint used to make cases and satchels for books (pólaire ocus tiaga), v. Adamnan, 115. Cf. Petrie, Round Towers, 336-7. But the late Dr. Whitley Stokes makes pólaire or pōlire, or the corruption folaire, derive from pugillares = writing tablets.—Stokes (W.), T. L., cliii. and 655. This interpretation of the word gives us the much more likely reading that Columba made tablets, and satchels for books.
[46] Stokes (M.), 50.
[47] Curzon, Monasteries of the Levant, 66.
[48] Mr. Allen, in his admirable volume on Celtic Art, p. 208, in this series, says cumdachs were peculiar to Ireland. But they were made and used elsewhere, and were variously known as capsae, librorum coopertoria (e.g. ... librorumque coopertoria; quædam horum nuda, quædam vero alia auro atque argento gemmisque pretiosis circumtecta.—Acta SS., Aug. iii. 659c), and thecae. Some of these cases were no doubt as beautifully decorated as the Irish cumdachs. William of Malmesbury asserts that twenty pounds and sixty marks of gold were used to make the coopertoria librorum Evangelii for King Ina’s chapel. At the Abbey of St. Riquier was an “Evangelium auro Scriptum unum, cum capsa argentea gemmis et lapidibus fabricata. Aliae capsae evangeliorum duae ex auro et argento paratae.”—Maitland, 212. In 1295 St. Paul’s Cathedral possessed a copy of the Gospels in a case (capsa) adorned with gilding and relics.—Putnam, i. 105-6.
[49] Leborchometa chethrochori, and bibliothecae quadratae.—Stokes (W.), T. L., 96 and 313.
[50] Stokes (M.), 90.
[51] Stokes (M.), 92-3.
[52] See La Bibliofilia, xi. 165.
[53] Acta SS. Ap., iii. 581c.
[54] Healy, 524.
[55] Other instances are cited in Adamnan, book ii., chap. 8.
[56] Hist. mon. S. Augustini, Cant., 96-99, “Et haec sunt primitiae librorum totius ecclesiae Anglicanae,” 99.
[57] H. E., i. 29.
[58] Stanley, Hist. Mem. of C. (1868), 42.
[59] Hist. mon. S. Aug., xxv.
[60] B. M. Reg. I. E. vi. may be a part of the Gregorian Bible, or the second copy of the Gospels mentioned above, if this second copy is not Corpus Christi, Camb. 286. Corpus C. 286 is a seventh century book, certainly from St. Augustine’s; it was probably brought to England in the time of Theodore, and though it may be one of the books referred to above, is, therefore, not Augustinian. The Psalter bearing the silver images is “most likely” Cott. Vesp. A. 1, an eighth century manuscript; it is, therefore, not Augustinian, although it may be a copy of the original Psalter given by Gregory.—James, lxvi.
[61] Known as Codex E, or the Laudian Acts (Laud. Gr. 35). Bede refers to a Greek manuscript of the Acts in his Retractationes; possibly this is the actual copy. The last page of the book bears the signature “Theodore”; did Archbishop Theodore bring the volume to England? “It is at least safe to say that the presence of such a book in England in Bede’s time can hardly be entirely independent of the influence of Theodore or of Abbot Hadrian.”—James (M. R.), xxiii.
[62] H. E., iv. 2, tr. Sellar.
[63] Ib. v. 20.
[64] Ib. v. 23.
[65] This copy was still at Malmesbury in the twelfth century.—W. of Malmesbury, Ang. Sacr., ii. 21.
[66] Sandys, i. 466; Camb. Eng. Lit., i. 75.
[67] Camb. Eng. Lit., i. 45.
[68] These foundations were regarded as one house, the inmates being bound together by “a common and perpetual affection and intimacy.”
[69] “Innumerabilem librorum omnis generis copiam apportavit.”—Vitae Abbatum, § 4.
[70] “Copiosissima et nobilissima bibliotheca.”—Ib. § 11.
[71] Lanciani, Anc. Rome, 201.
[72] Ceolfrid, Benedict Biscop’s successor, added a number of books to the library, among them three copies of the Vulgate, and one of the older version. One copy of the Vulgate Ceolfrid took with him to Rome (716) to give to the Pope. He died on the way. The codex did not go to Rome; now, it is in the Laurentian Library, Florence, where it is known as the Codex Amiatinus. The writing is Italian, or at any rate foreign, so it must have been imported, or written at Jarrow by foreign scribes. This volume is the chief authority for the text of Jerome’s translation of the Scriptures.
[73] H. E., v. 24.
[74] Bede frequently quotes Cicero, Virgil, and Horace; usually selecting some telling phrase, e.g. “caeco carpitur igni” (H. E. ii. 12). In his De Natura rerum he owes a good deal to Pliny and Isidore. In his commentaries on the Scriptures he displays an extent of reading which we have no space to give any idea of. His chronologies were based on Jerome’s edition of Eusebius, on Augustine and Isidore. In his H. E. he uses “Pliny, Solinus, Orosius, Eutropius, Marcellinus Comes, Gildas, probably the Historia Brittonum, a Passion of St. Alban, and the Life of Germanus of Auxerre by Constantius”; while he refers to lives of St. Fursa, St. Ethelburg, and to Adamnan’s work on the Holy Places. Cf. Sandys, i. 468; Camb. Lit., i. 80-81. Bede also got first-hand knowledge: the Lindisfarne records provided him with material on Cuthbert; information came to him from Canterbury about Southern affairs and from Lastingham about Mercian affairs. Nothelm got material from the archives at Rome for him.
[75] Tr. in Morley, Eng. Writers, ii. 160.
[76] Tr. in West, Alcuin, 34-35.
[77] Tr. in King’s Letters, ed. Steele (1903), 1. Cf. Bodl. MS. Hatton, 20; Cott. MS. Otho B 2; Corpus C. C., Camb. MS. 12.
[78] MS. Cott. Tib. B xi.—a copy of Alfred’s version of the Cura, or what is left of it—has been connected with Archbishop Plegmund, the evidence being a Saxon inscription on the manuscript. Wanley, however, doubted the conclusiveness of this evidence, which, together with most of the text, was lost in the fire of 1731.—James, xxiii-iv.
[79] Sandys, i. 484.
[80] Hunt, Hist. of Eng. Church, i. 326.
[81] Strutt, Saxon Antiq., i. 105, pl. xviii. The picture is in a large volume containing part of a grammar and certain other pieces used at Glastonbury.—MS. Auct. F. iv. 32. Over the picture is the inscription: Pictura et scriptura hujus paginae subtus visa est de propria manu Sci. Dunstani.
[82] Stubbs, Mem. of Dunstan, cx.-cxii.
[83] Chron. Mon. de Abingdon, ii. 263.
[84] Ibid., ii. 265.
[85] Archaeologia, xxiv. 19.
[86] B. M. Cott. Vesp., A. viii., written 966.
[87] Hook, Archbishops, i. 453 (1st ed.).
[88] Chron. Abb. de E., 83.
[89] James1, 5-6.
[90] Most old English poems are preserved in unique manuscripts, sometimes not complete, but in fragments; two fragments, for example, were found in the bindings of other books.—Warton, ii. 7. In 1248, only four books in English were at Glastonbury, and they are described as old and useless.—John of G., 435; Ritson, i. 43. About fifty years later only seventeen such books were in the big library at Canterbury.—James (M. R.), 51. A striking illustration of the disuse of the vernacular among the religious is found in an Anglo-Saxon Gregory’s Pastoral Care, which is copiously glossed in Latin, in two or three hands. This manuscript, now in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, No. 12, came from Worcester Priory.—James17, 33.
[91] Becker, 199, 257.
[92] In an eleventh century manuscript in Trinity College Library, Cambridge (MS. B. 16, 44), is an inscription, perhaps by Lanfranc himself, recording that he brought it from Bec and gave it to Christ Church.
[93] At the end of the manuscript of Cassian is written: “Hucusque ego Lanfrancus correxi.”—Hist. Litt. de la France, vii. 117. At the end of the Ambrose (Hexaemeron) the note reads, “Lanfrancus ego correxi.”
[94] James (M. R.), xxx.
[95] Chron. Abb. de Evesham, 97.
[96] Library of Ste. Geneviève, Paris, MS. E. l. 17, in 40, fol. 61. The note reads: Quia autem apud Bequefort victualium copia erat, scriptores etiam ibi habebantur quorum opera ad nos in Normaniam mittebantur.—Library, v. 2 (1893).
[97] Stevenson, Grosseteste, 149.
[98] Gesta R. Angl., lib. v.; Camb. Lit., i. 159-60.
[99] Surtees S., lxix. 341.
[100] Merryweather, 96-7.
[101] Joh. Glaston, Chronica, ed. Hearne (1726), ii. 423-44; Merryweather, 140.
[102] Librariam fecit optimum pulcherrimum et copiosum.—Holmes, Wells and Glastonbury, 229.
[103] MS. Twyne, Bodl. L., 8, 272.
[104] James, and James1.
[105] In the fine MS. Cott. Claud. E. iv. (Gesta Abbatum) is a series of portrait miniatures of the abbots, and in most cases they are represented as reading or carrying books, or with books about them.
[106] Fecit etiam scribi libros plurimos, quos longum esset enarrare.
[107] Some of the books were restored, others were resold to the abbey.
[108] A lot of forty-nine, with prices attached, is given in Annales a J. Amund., ii. 268 et seq.
[109] Gloucester House, now Worcester College.
[110] Dugdale, iv. 405.
[111] For St. Albans see Gesta Abbatum, i. 58, 70, 94, 106, 179, 184; ii. 200, 306, 363; iii. 389, 393.
[112] Mon. Fr., ii. lviii.
[113] Bryce, i. 440 n., 29.
[114] Clark, 62.
[115] These works would be Latin translations based upon Arabic versions. Opus Majus, iii. 66; Camb. Lit., i. 199; Gasquet3, 156.
[116] Close roll, 10 Hen. III, m. 6 (3rd Sep.); Trivet, Annales, 243; Mon. Fr., i. 185; Stevenson, 76; O. H. S., Little, 57.
[117] Wood, Hist. Ant. U. Ox. (1792), i. 329.
[118] There is an imperfect catalogue of their library in Leland, iii. 57.
[119] Leland3, 286.
[120] Oliver, Mon. Dioc. Exon., 332, 333.
[121] Sussex Archaeol. Collections, i. (1848), 168-187.
[122] Mon. Fr., ii. 18.
[123] Cal. of Pap. Letters, iv. 42-43.
[124] Leland, iii. 53.
[125] Camb. Mod. Hist., i., 597.
[126] For date see Stow (Kingsford’s ed.), i. 108; i. 318; Mon. Fr. i. 519.
[127] Stow, i. 318.
[128] Camb. Mod. Hist., i. 591
[129] The catalogue is edited by Dr. M. R. James in Fasciculus Ioanni Willis Clark dicatus, 2-96.
[130] Bryce, i. 369.
[131] Mon. Fr., i. 391.
[132] Ibid. i. 366.
[133] But see O. H. S., Little, 56; Mon. Fr., ii. 91—Libri fratrum decedentium....
[134] Mon. Fr., i. 114.
[135] Bodl. MS. Twyne, xxiii. 488; O. H. S., Little, 60.
[136] R. Armachanus, Defensorium Curatorum; cf. Wyclif’ English Works, ed. Matthew, 128, 221.
[137] R. de B., Thomas’ ed. 203.
[138] Stevenson, 87.
[139] Gasquet3, 140, q.v. for full description of these Correctoria.
[140] MS. Bodl. Tanner, 165.
[141] Camb. Mod. Hist., i. 592; James, xlix.
[142] Hist. et Cart. Mon. Glouc., iii. lxxiv.
[143] R. de B., c. v. 183.
[144] Whitaker, Hist. of Craven, (1805), 330; another computus, discovered later, does not refer to books (ed. 1878).
[145] Morris, Chester during Plantagenet and Tudor Reigns, 128-129.
[146] James, M. R.1, 109-110.
[147] Bateson, Med. Eng., 339.
[148] Gasquet4, 49.
[149] E. H. R., xxv. 122.
[150] Bateson, vii.
[151] Synesius de laude Calvitii, MS. Bodl. 80.
[152] Gasquet2, 36-37.
[153] Sandys., ii. 225; and see post, p. 195.
[154] Gasquet2, 37; Rashdall and Rait, New Coll. (1901), 251.
[155] A few volumes escaped: a copy of Basil’s Commentary on Isaiah, presumably in Greek, and some others. “Among them must in all probability be reckoned the first copy of Homer whose presence can be definitely traced in England since the days of Theodore of Tarsus.”—Camb. Mod. Hist., i. 598. Cp. James, li.
[156] Aubrey, Lett. of Em. Per. from the Bod., i. 278.
[157] Laboryouse Journey and Serche of Johann Leylande for Englandes Antiquitees, by Bale, 1549. Cf. Strype, Parker (1711), 528.
[158] Accounts of John Scudamore (kings receiver), detailing proceeds of sale of goods from Bordesley Abbey, and other monasteries.—Cam. Soc., xxvi. 269, 271, 275.
[159] Fasciculus I. W. Clark dicatus, 16, and cf. 96.
[160] Fasciculus I. W. Clark dicatus, 16, 17.
[161] C. A. S. 8vo. Publ., No. 33 (1900), Dr. James on MSS. in the Library of Lambeth Palace, pp. 1, 2, 6.
[162] See Dr. James’ view of the dispersion of Bury Abbey Library.—James1, 9-10.
[163] Monasticon, Dugdale, ii. 586-587.
[164] Ath. Ox. (1721), 82, 83.
[165] James (M. R.), lxxxi.
[166] Leland, Itinerary (1907), i. xxxviii.
[167] James (M. R.)1, 11.
[168] Notes and Q., 2. i. 485; James (M. R.), lvii, lxxxii.
[169] Strype, Parker (1711), 528.
[170] James (M. R.), Sources of Archbishop Parker’s MSS. (Camb. Antiq. Soc.).
[171] James (M. R.), 505-534.
[172] James (M. R.)1, 42; ibid. xciv. But later Dr. James was less certain of some of his identifications. See James (M. R.)10, viii.
[173] Robinson.
[174] See also Macray’s Annals of the Bodleian.
[175] Maitland, 404-405.
[176] Stat. selecta Cap. Gen. O. Cisterc., A.D. 1278, Martène, iv. 1462; Maitland, 406.
[177] O. H. S., Little, 55.
[178] Surtees Soc., xv., Durham Rites, 70-71.
[179] Chron. abb. de Evesham, 301.
[180] James (M. R.), li.; Cox, Canterbury, 199.
[181] Windle, Chester, 171-172; Library, ii. 285.
[182] Géraud, Essai sur les livres, 181.
[183] Sandys, i. 266.
[184] Cp. Du Cange, Gloss. art. Scriptores; citation from Const. of Carthusians.
[185] Maitland, 56.
[186] Chron. mon. de Abingd., ii. 371.
[187] Gesta abb. m. S. Albani, i. 57-58.
[188] From the Porkington MS.; this treatise has been printed in Early English Miscellanies, ed. J. O. Halliwell, for the Warton Club (1855), p. 72. Other treatises are in Mrs. Merrifield’s Arts of Painting (1849).
[189] Madan, 37.
[190] Pez, Thesaurus, i. xx.
[191] Bede, Works, ed. Plummer, xx.
[192] O. V., pars II. lib. iv.
[193] Hardy, iii. xiii.
[194] Surtees Soc., vii. xxv.
[195] Lecoq de la Marche, 103.
[196] In a MS. of Joh. Andreas, Super Decretales, Peterhouse, Camb.—James3, 29.
[197] MS. on surgery, Peterhouse, Camb.—James3, 137.
[198] Du Cange, Gloss., art., Scriptorium.
[199] Martène, De Ant. Mon. Ritibus, v. c. 18, § 4.
[200] E. H. R., xxv. 121.
[201] Thompson, pp. 19 ff., 322.
[202] Customary of St. A. (H. Brads. Soc.), i. 401. These tablets were called ceratae tabellae, tabellae cerae, or simply cerae. The name of a book, caudex, codex, was first given to these tabellae when they were strung together to form a square “book.”—V. Antiquary, xii. 277.
[203] James1, 7; ibid.17, 3.
[204] Works, ed. Skeat, i. 379.
[205] Mon. Fr., i. 359.
[206] Epp., 8. 69; Sandys, i. 487-488.
[207] James (M. R.)10.
[208] Stevenson, Suppl. to Bentham’s Ch. of Ely.
[209] Warton, i. 213.
[210] Mon. Fr., i. 206.
[211] O. H. S., Little, 135; best account of Adam in this book.
[212] C. A. S. (N.S.), 8vo ser. vii. 187 (1909). The story of the connexion between Chesterton and Vercelli is most interesting. A list of the books is in Lampugnani, Sulla Vita di Guala Bicchieri, Vercelli (1842), 125 et seq.; but I have not been able to see the book. See further Bekynton’s Correspondence, ii. 344 (Rolls Ser.); and Kennedy, Poems of Cynewulf (1910), 6.
[213] O. H. S., 27 Boase, xxxvii n.
[214] Sandys, i. 486-489, q.v. for other interesting facts about this abbot.
[215] Gesta Abbatum, i. 57.
[216] Chron. mon. de Abingd., ii. 153. A list of the precentor’s rents, applied to expenses of the writing-room and the organ, will be found in ii. 328.
[217] H. Mon. S. A., 392.
[218] Stewart, Ely Cath., 280; Surtees Soc., lxix. 15-20; Robinson, I.
[219] Chron. abb. de Evesham, 208-210.
[220] Full document in Edwards, i. 283.
[221] Chron. abb. Rameseiensis, 356.
[222] James, 535-544.
[223] Chron. abb. de Evesham, 267.
[224] Robinson, 4.
[225] O. H. S., 27, Boase, 19.
[226] Rymer, Foedera, viii. 501; cf. James17, 153.
[227] Cam. Soc., Bury Wills (1850), 105. Many of the gifts to Syon monastery came from priests.—Bateson, xxiii-xxvii. Cf. also lists of donors in James (M. R.), 535 et seq.
[228] Cf. James (M. R.), lxxii n.
[229] Customary of Barnwell (Harl. MS. 3061).
[230] Surtees Soc. xv., Durham Rites, 70-71. The library would be that built by Wessington in 1446.
[231] But see Robinson, 3.
[232] Sandys, i. 266.
[233] Archæol. Jour. (1848), v. 85.
[234] Lancs. and Ches. Hist. Soc., xix. 106.
[235] Chron. mon. de Melsa, iii. lxxxiii.
[236] James (M. R.), xliv.
[237] Anglia Sacra, i. 145-6; James (M. R.), l-li.
[238] MS. Arundel 57, Brit. Mus. See James (M. R.), lxxvii. “This boc is dan Michelis of Northgate, y-write an englis of his ozene hand. thet hatte: Ayenbyte of Inwyt. And is of the bochouse of Saynt Austines of Canterberi. mid the letters CC.” “Ymende, thet this boc is volveld ine the eve of the holy apostles Symon an Judas, of ane brother of the cloystre of Sauynt Austin of Canterberi, ine the yeare of oure lhordes beringe (birth) 1340.”
[239] Surtees Soc., xv., Durham Rites, 26.
[240] C. 1429-45. Most likely over the cloister. The books seem to have been arranged flat on sloping desks, to which they were chained.—James (M. R.)1, 41.
[241] Chron. mon. de Abingd., ii. 373.
[242] Hardy, iii. xiii.
[243] Chron. mon. de Abingd., ii. 371; Customary of St. August., Cant. (H. Brads. Soc.), introd.
[244] Customary of St. August., i. 96; ii. 36.
[245] Panni, camisiae librorum.
[246] Stat. ant. ord. Carthus., c. xvi. § 9.
[247] MS. Lat. 12296, Bibl. Nat., Paris.
[248] Bibl. Cluniacensis, lib. i.; Maitland, 440.
[249] James (M. R.)10, 171.
[250] B. M. MS. Reg. 12 G. ii.; Warton, i. 182.
[251] Harl. MS. 2798.
[252] See anathema in Trin. Coll. Camb. MS. B. S. 17.
[253] James17, 126.
[254] Mon. Fr., ii. 41.
[255] Bryce, i. 27.
[256] Hist. MSS., 6th Rept. 296b.
[257] Records of the Borough of Nottingham, i. 335.
[258] C. A. S. (N.S.), iii. 397.
[259] See particularly James (M. R.), xlv-xlvi, 146-149.
[260] Delisle, Bibl. de l’École des chartes, iiie ser. i. 225.
[261] Hist. MSS. 6th Rept. 296a.
[262] Literae Cantuarienses, ii. 146.
[263] Mon. Fr., ii. 91.
[264] Literae Cantuarienses, ii. 146; James (M. R.), 146.
[265] James (M. R.), xlv, 502-503; Camb. Univ. Lib. MS., Ff. 4. 40, last fol.
[266] Clark, 133.
[267] Surtees Soc., vii. 85.
[268] See also Bateson, vi-vii.
[269] Bateson, vii.
[270] Pemb. Coll., Camb., MS. 180.
[271] Madan, 7, 8.
[272] Bateson, 202. Ut scilicet prima particula de numero et perfecta voluminum cognicione loci precentorem informet, secunda ad solicitam leccionis frequenciam ffratres studiosos provocet, et tercia de singulorum tractatuum repercione festina scolaribus itinera manifestet.—James, 407.
[273] James (M. R.), 410. For further information on monastic catalogues consult Surtees Soc., vii; Becker; James (M. R.); Bateson; Zentralblatt; Gottlieb.
[274] Bateson, Med. Eng., 86.
[275] Now in Mr. Pierpont Morgan’s library. Illustrated in La Bibliofilia, xi. 169.
[276] Cf. Register of S. Osmund, ii. 127. Textus unus aureus magnus continens saphiros xx., et smaragdos [emeralds] vi., et thopasios viii., et alemandinas [? carbuncle or ruby] xviii., et gernettas [garnets] viii., et perlas xii. Also i. 276; ii. 43. Jerome, Ad Eustoch, Ep. 18.
[277] MS., 41; James17, 81.
[278] C. A. S., 8vo. publ. No. 33 (1900), 25.
[279] MS. Bodl., Auct. D. 2. 16 fo. 1ª; Dugdale, ii. 527; Oxford Philol. Soc. Trans., 1881-83, p. 2.
[280] Full inventory in Oliver, Lives of the Bps., 301-310.
[281] C. A. S. (N.S.), 8vo. ser. iv. 311.
[282] Ego I. de G. Exon., do Eccle. Exon librum istum cum pari suo, in festo Annuntiationis Dominice. Manu mea, anno consecrationis mee xxxix.—Oliver, Lives of the Bps., 85.
[283] Lego eisdem libros meos episcopales, majorem et minorem, quos ego compilavi.—Ibid. 86.
[284] In 1329 he wrote to Richard de Ratforde from Chudleigh: “Regraciamur vobis quod Librum Sermonum Beati Augustini pro nobis, prout Magister Ricardus filius Radulphi, ex parte nostra, vos rogavit, retinuistis, nobisque et condiciones ejusdem significastis et precium. Et, quia ipsum Librum habere volumus, lx solidos sterlingorum Magistro Johanni de Sovenaisshe [Sevenashe], Magistro Scolarum nostre Civitatis Exoniensis, pro ipso Libro tradi fecimus, ut nobis eundem, quamcicius nuncii securitas affuerit, transmittatis. Libros, eciam, Theologicos Originales, veteres saltem et raros, ac Sermones antiquos, eciam sine Divisionibus Thematum, pro nostris usibus exploretis; scribentes nobis condiciones et precium eorundem.”—O.H.S., 27 Boase, 2.
[285] Robinson, 63.
[286] Building accounts in C. A. S. (N.S.), 8vo. ser. iv. 296.
[287] Oliver, 366-375.
[288] Between 1385 and 1425 the bishops giving books to Exeter College, Oxford.
[289] Oliver, 359, 360, 366-375.
[290] List in Oliver, Lives, 376; C. A. S. (N.S.), iv. 306 (8vo. ser.).
[291] Oliver, 376.
[292] C. A. S. (N.S.), iv. 312.
[293] I have to thank my friend Mr. Tapley Soper, F.R.Hist.S., for his willing help in sending me information about this library.
Our account of church libraries will appear inadequate if it is not borne in mind that we do not propose to go beyond the manuscript age. An excellent account of modern church libraries is given in English Church Furniture, in this series. Also see Clark, 257.
[294] Reliquary, vii. 11 (Floyer).
[295] Reliquary, vii. 14 (Floyer).
[296] Ibid., 17.
[297] The best account of Worcester Cathedral Library is in Reliquary, vii. 11, by the Rev. J. K. Floyer, M.A.
[298] Havergal, Fasti Heref. (1869), 181-182.
[299] W. of Malmesbury, Gesta Pont., 184.
[300] Register of St. Osmund, i. 8, 214.
[301] Register of St. Osmund, i. 224.
[302] Cox and Harvey, English Church Furniture, 331.
[303]See list in Giraldus Cambrensis, vii. 165-166.
[304] Archaeologia, l. 496.
[305] Hist. MSS., 9th Rept., App. 46a.
[306] Ep., 126; Creighton, Papacy, iii. 53n.
[307] Stow, i. 328.
[308] Dugdale, Hist. of St. Paul’s, 392-398.
[309] Ibid., 399.
[310] Stow, i. 328.
[311] Ibid., ii. 346; Simpson, Reg. S. Pauli, 13, 78, 133, 173, 227.
[312] Pp. 1, 325-327.
[313] In the fifteenth century the bishops of Wells were good friends of learning: Skirlaw gave books to University College, Oxford; Bowet left a large library; Stafford gave books; Bekynton was the companion of the most cultivated men of his time. Dean Gunthorpe is well known as a pilgrim to Italy, who returned laden with manuscripts (see p. 192).
[314] Hist. MSS. Rept. 3, App. 363a.
[315] Mun. Acad., 649.
[316] Mun. Acad., 652-653.
[317] L. A. R., viii. 372; Canon Church’s account of the library, in Archaeologia, lvii. pt. 2, is very full and interesting.
[318] Surtees Soc., xxxv. 36-40.
[319] Hunter, Notes of Wills in Registers of York, 15.
[320] Surtees Soc., xxxv., 45-46.
[321] Ibid., iv. 385; xlv. 89, 91.
[322] W. Salt Arch. Soc., vi. pt. 2, 211.
[323] Capit. Acts, v. 3.
[324] Harwood, Hist. and Antiq. of the Ch.... of Lichfield (1806), 109.
[325] Vict. County Hist. of Berkshire, ii. 109.
[326] Vict. Hist. Warwickshire, ii. 127 b.
[327] Ibid., ii. 128 a.
[328] Johannes Rous, capellanus Cantariae de Guy-Cliffe, qui super porticum australem librariam construxit, et libris ornavit.—Gentleman’s Magazine (N.S.), xxv. 37. The chapel of Guy’s Cliffe was erected by Richard Beauchamp for the repose of the soul of his “ancestor,” Guy of Warwick, the hero of romance.
[329] Mr. W. T. Carter of the Warwick Public Library, has kindly given me much information about St. Mary’s Church library.
[330] Arch. Inst. City of York (1846), 10-11; Surtees Soc., iv. 102-103, 196; xlv. 57-59, 159, 171, 220-222, 221n.; xxvi. 2-3; xxx. 219, 275; Cox and Harvey, English Church Furniture, 331; Mun. Acad., 648-649; Library, i. 411; Cam. Soc., Bury Wills, 253.
[331] Cox, J. C., and Hope, W. H. St. John, Chronicles of the Colleg. Ch. of All Saints, Derby (1881), 175-177.
[332] Ibid., 157.
[333] Library, i. 417.
[334] Stow, i. 194. Leland, iv. 48, has a note of four MSS. “in bibliotheca Petrina Londini.” Possibly this library was formed by Rector Hugh Damlet, who was a learned man, and gave several books to Pembroke College, Cambridge.—James10, 184.
[335] Archaeologia, xlv. 118, 120.
[336] R. H. S., vi. 205.
[337] Sandys, i. 606; Le Clerc, Hist. Litt. (2nd ed.), 430.
[338] N. Bishop’s Collectanea, now at Cambridge; Wood, Hist. and Antiq. U. of O., ed. Gutch, 17962, vol. ii. pt. 2, 910.
[339] Mun. Acad., 270.
[340] Clark, 144; Pietas O., 5; Lyte, 97; Oriel document.
[341] O. H. S. 5 Collect., i. 62-65.
[342] Univ. Arch. W. P. G., 4-6.
[343] Mun. Acad., 226-228.
[344] Ibid., 267.
[345] Mun. Acad., 265.
[346] Ibid., 261 et seq.
[347] After the Black Death, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, possibly Corpus Christi, Cambridge, Canterbury College and New College, Oxford, were founded, and University (Clare) Hall, Cambridge, was enlarged, partly, at any rate, to repair the ravages the plague had made among the clergy.—Camb. Lit., ii. 354; cf. Hist. MSS., 5th Rep., 450.
[348] Mun. Acad., 267.
[349] Ibid., 266; O. H. S. 35-36, Ansley, 222, 229, 279, 313, 373, 382, 397.
[350] Mun. Acad., 266.
[351] The indenture in which the books are catalogued mentions nine books received before: possibly these were the gift of 1435.—Mun. Acad., 758; O. H. S. 35, Anstey, 177.
[352] O. H. S. 35, Anstey, 184-90.
[353] O. H. S. 35, Anstey, 184.
[354] Mun. Acad., 758.
[355] O. H. S. 35, Ansley, 246.
[356] O. H. S. 35, Anstey, 187-89; Mun. Acad., 326-29.
[357] Athenæum, Nov. 17, ’88, p. 664; Hulton, Clerk of Oxford in Fiction, 35.
[358] O. H. S. 35, Anstey, 197, 204.
[359] See lists of Gloucester’s books in Mun. Acad., 758-65; O. H. S., Anstey, 179, 183, 232.
[360] He also owned some French manuscripts: what he gave to Oxford formed part of a much larger private library.
[361] O. H. S. 35, Anstey, 294-95.
[362] O. H. S. 35, Anstey, 285-86, 300-1, 318.
[363] O. H. S. 35, Anstey, 9, 46.
[364] O. H. S. 35, Anstey, 245-46.
[365] O. H. S. 35-36, Anstey, 326, 439.
[366] The plan resembled that of the old library built by Adam de Brome. For notes on the architectural history of this library, see Pietas O.
[367] Mun. Acad., 58, 59; cf. Smith, Annals of U.C., 37-39.
[368] Commiss. Docts., Oxford, i., Statutes, p. 24.
[369] Lyte, 181.
[370] Paravicini, Ball. Coll., 169, 173.
[371] O. H. S. 5, Collect., i. 66.
[372] Hist. MSS., ix. 1, 46.
[373] O. H. S. 32, Collect., iii. 225; cf. Hist. MSS. 2nd Rep., App. 135a; Walcott, W. of Wykeham, 285.
[374] Hist. MSS. 9th Rep., i. 46; Reg. Abp. Whittlesey, fo. 122, cited by Lyte, 181.
[375] Rogers, Agric. and Prices, iv. 599-600.
[376] O. H. S. 32, Collect., 223, 214-15.
[377] See the gifts to Exeter College, O. H. S. 27, Boase, passim.
[378] Mun. Acad., ii. 706.
[379] Hist. MSS. 2nd Rep., 140a.
[380] Hist. MSS. App. 2nd Rep., 129; O. H. S. 27, Boase, xlvii.
[381] Brantingham gave £20 towards the building; More, £10. Account of building expenses, amounting to £57, 13s. 5½d., is given in O. H. S., 27, Boase, 345; see p. liii.
[382] O. H. S. 27, Boase, xlviii. In 1392 “iiiis pro ligacione septem librorum et Id pro cervisia in eisdem ligatoribus, VId erario pro labore suo circa eosdem libros, et IId Johanni Lokyer pro impositione eorundem librorum in descis.”
[383] Ibid., xlviii.
[384] The building, which is still standing as a part of Trinity College, cost £42; fittings, £6, 16s. 8d. Blakiston, Trin. Coll., 26.
[385] James, xlvii.
[386] Cf. Willis, Arch. Hist. Camb., ii. 410.
[387] Willis, iii. 410.
[388] Hist. MSS. 2nd Rep., 141a
[389] O. H. S. 27, Boase; O. H. S. 5, Collect., 62. At C. C., Christ Church, and St. John’s Colleges the least useful books could be sold if the libraries became too large.—Oxford Stat.
[390] Camb. Lit., iii. 50.
[391] Cam. Soc., xxvi. 71.
[392] I.e. for practically nothing, a mere song.
[393] Wood (Gutch), 918-19.
[394] With Bodley’s noble work this book has no concern. The story has been told briefly in Mr. Nicholson’s Pietas Oxoniensis, and with more detail in Dr. Macray’s Annals of the Bodleian.
[395] MS. français, I. 1.
[396] Delisle, Le Cabinet des MSS., i. 152.
[397] Cooper, i. 128, 152, 224.
[398] Surtees Soc., xxx. 78-79.
[399] Bradshaw, 19-34; Willis, iii. 404.
[400] Cooper, i. 170; Rotuli Parl., iv. 321.
[401] Willis, Arch. Hist. Camb., iii. 11.
[402] Ibid., iii. 12.
[403] Ibid., iii. 5.
[404] Bradshaw, 35-53; C. A. S. Comm., ii. 258.
[405] Willis, iii. 25.
[406] Mullinger, ii. 50.
[407] Willis, iii. 25.
[408] Ibid., iii. 25-26n.
[409] C. A. S. Comm., ii. 73; Willis, iii. 402.
[410] Surtees Soc., iv. 385.
[411] Willis, i. 370.
[412] Willis, i. 537.
[413] Lyte, Eton, 28-29.
[414] James2, 72-83.
[415] James2, 70-71; and see p. 144.
[416] Willis, i. 356.
[417] Lyte, Eton, 37; Willis, i. 393.
[418] Willis, i. 414.
[419] Lyte, Eton, 101.
[420] James14, viii.
[421] Lyte, Eton, 29.
[422] C. A. S. Comm., ii. 165.
[423] C. A. S. (N.S.), iii. (8vo. ser.) 398.
[424] Ibid., 399.
[425] C. A. S. (N.S.), iii. (8vo. ser.), 399.
[426] James (M. R.)10, xiii.-xvii.; C. A. S., ii. (8vo. ser. 1864), 13-21.
[427] MS. 232, in the library, contains his will, a list of his books with their prices, another catalogue, and a register of the borrowers of the books from 1440 to 1516.
[428] Surtees Soc., xlv. 220-22.
[429] Willis, i. 200, 226; iii. 411.
[430] Clark, 140.
[431] In winter 1382 “viid. ob pro ligatura cuiusdam textus philosophie de eleccione Johannis Mattecote.” Winter 1405, “id. ob pro pergameno empto pro novo registro faciendo pro eleccione librorum”; winter 1457, “iiiid. More stacionario pro labore suo duobus diebus appreciando libros collegii qui traduntur in eleccionibus sociorum.” Autumn 1488, “iis. id. pro redempcione librorum quondam eleccionis domini Ricardi Symon.”—O. H. S. 27, Boase, xlix.
[432] P.R.O., Anc. Deeds, c. 1782.
[433] See further, Documents relating to the University and Colleges of Cambridge (3v. 1852); Statutes of the College of Oxford (3v. 1853), especially i. 54, 97; ii. 60, 89; and Mun. Acad. Cf. Willis, Camb., iii. 387.
[434] Lyte, 81.
[435] Ibid., 84.
[436] R. de B., ed. Thomas, pp. 246-48.
[437] Piers Plowman.
[438] Hous of Fame, l. 1198.
[439] Troilus, Bk. v. ll. 1797-98.
[440] Furnivall’s ed., Rolls S., pt. 1, p. 1.
[441] MS. Reg. 17, C. viii. f. 2; cited in Skeat’s Chaucer, v. 194.
[442] Warton, 96-99; Rashdall and Rait, New Coll., 60.
[443] Stubbs, Lect. on Med. Hist., 137.
[444] James (M. R.), 148.
[445] Coulton, Chaucer and his England, 99.
[446] James (M. R.), lxxii.; this number is probably correct, but owing to confusion between three Abbots of this name it is not certainly right.
[447] Ibid., lxxiv.
[448] Robinson, 4-7.
[449] O. H. S., 32, Collect. 36-40; also 9.
[450] Blakiston, Trin. Coll. 5, 7; A. de Murimuth, 171.
[451] R. de B., 197-199.
[452] “R. de Bury ... qui ipsum episcopatum et omnia sua beneficia prius habita per preces magnatum et ambitionis vitium adquisivit, et ideo toto tempore suo inopia laboravit et prodigus exstitit in expensis.”—Murimuth, 171.
[453] “Volens tamen magnus clericus reputari.”—Murimuth, 171.
[454] Skeat’s Chaucer, vi. 381.
[455] Hous of Fame, Works, iii. bk. ii. l. 656-58.
[456] Book of the Duchesse, 44.
[457] Legend of Good Women, prol. 30ff.
[458] Valerie: possibly Epistola Valerii ad Rufinum de uxore non ducenda, attributed to Walter Mapes; it is a short treatise of about eight folios; it is printed in Cam. Soc. xvi. 77. Theofraste: Aureolus liber de Nuptiis, by one Theophrastus.
[459] Ll. 669-85.
[460] Troilus, ii. 81-105.
[461] It seems to be Chaucer’s own; only about a third of the poem comes from Boccaccio’s Filostrato. Chaucer had a copy of Thebais of Statius.—Troilus, v. l. 1484.
[462] Letter-book K, fo. 39, July 4, 1426.
[463] From schedule of the possessions of the Guildhall College, July 24, 1549.—L. A. R., x. 381.
[464] Chichele Register, pt. 1, fo. 392b, Lamb. Pal.; L. A. R., x. 382.
[465] Conf. of Librarians (1877), 216; L. A. R., x. 382.
[466] Hist. MSS., 8th Rept., pt. 1, 268a.
[467] Gasquet2, 20; Sandys, ii. 220; Legrand, Bibliographie Hellénique, i. (1885) xxiv., where the date is 1405-6.
[468] Epp. (ed. Tonelli, 1832-61), i. 43, 70, 74.
[469] “Cest livre est a moy Homfrey Duc de Glocestre, lequel je fis translater de Grec en Latin par un de mes secretaires, Antoyne de Beccariane de Verone.”—Cam. Soc. 1843, Ellis, Letters, 357.
[470] Gherardi, Statuti della Univ. e Studio Fiorentino, 364; Sandys, ii. 220; Einstein, 15.
[471] O.H.S., 35, Anstey, 17, 45.
[472] “Messer Andrea Ols” in Italian authority; identified by Dr. Sandys.
[473] O.H.S., 36, Anstey, ii. 389-91; Sandys, ii. 221-26; Einstein, 26.
[474] MS. 587 Bodl.
[475] Leland3, 463; Leland, iii. 13; Einstein, 23, 54-5; C.A.S., 8vo ser., No. 32 (1899), 13.
[476] E. H. R., xxv. 449.
[477] Rymer, Foedera, xii. 214, 216; E. H. R., xxv. 450.
[478] Now MS. li. 4, 16, at Cambridge University Library.
[479] On Shirwood’s books see E. H. R., xxv. 449-53.
[480] Leiden, Voss. MSS. Graec., 56.
[481] On this group see Harris, Jas. Rendel, The Leicester Codex.
[482] E. H. R., xxv. 446-7; James.
[483] Literae Cant. (Rolls Ser.), iii. 239; cf. Campbell, Matls for Hist. of H. VII., ii. 85, 114, 224.
[484] Leland3, 482. The Obit in Christ Church MS. D. 12 refers to Selling as “Sacrae Theologiae Doctor. Hic in divinis agendis multum devotus et lingua Graeca et Latina valde eruditus.”—Gasquet2, 24.
[485] Gasquet2, 24; James, li.
[486] Homer and Euripides are in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; the others are in Trinity College, Cambridge.—James16, 9; Gasquet2, 30.
[487] Gasquet2, 37.
[488] The point is disputed; cf. Einstein, 32; Lyte, 386; Camb. Lit., iii. 5, 6; Rashdall and Rait, New. Coll., 93; Dr. Sandys does not mention Vitelli.
[489] Rashdall, ii. 343.
[490] Biblio. Soc. Monogr. x. (S. Gibson), 43-6.
[491] Ibid., p. 1; O.H.S., 29; Madan, 267, contains long list of references.
[492] O. H. S., 27, Boase, xxxvi.
[493] Cf. Grace B. Δ ix, xlii, xliii.; O.H.S., 29, Madan, Early Oxf. Press, 266; Mun. Acad., 532, 544, 579.
[494] Mun. Acad., 52.
[495] Ibid., 174, 346.
[496] Ibid., xxxviii.
[497] Mun. Acad., xl.-xlii.
[498] Ibid., 253.
[499] Mun. Acad., 383-7.
[500] Ibid., 233-4.
[501] R. de B., 205.
[502] Mun. Acad., 550.
[503] Bodl. MS. Rawlinson, 34, fo. 21, Stat. Coll. S. Mariae pro Oseney: De Libraria.
[504] Cooper, i. 57, 104, 141, 262; cf. Biblio. Soc. Monogr. 13, p. 1-6.
[505] 3 H. vii., cap. 9, 10, Stat. of the Realm, ii. 518.
[506] Donnée des comptes des Roys de France, au 14e siècle (1852), 227; Putnam, i. 312; Library, v. 3-4.
[507] Gairdner, Paston letters, v. 1-4, where the whole bill is transcribed.
[508] Cited in Gasquet2, 17.
[509] Martène, Thesaurus, i. 511.
[510] Opera, fo. 1523. Fo. xlvii. 7, Doctrinale juvenum, c. v.
[511] Ibid., c. iv.
[512] Maitland, 200.
[513] Surtees Soc., vii. 80.
[514] V. Catalogues in Becker; James (M. R.); Bateson; Surtees Soc., vii.; etc.
[515] Sandys, i. 638; and see Jerome, Ep. xxii., ed. 1734, i. 114.
[516] Sandys i. 618.
[517] Comparetti, Vergil in the M. A., 77.
[518] Taylor, Classical Heritage, 37.
[519] Sandys, i. 638-39; see what is said about use of Ovid at Canterbury.
[520] On the use of classics in the Middle Ages see Sandys, i. 630 (Plautus and Terence), 631 (Lucretius), 633 (Catullus and Virgil), 635 (Horace), 638 (Ovid), 641 (Lucan), 642 (Statius), 643 (Martial), 644 (Juvenal), 645 (Persius), 648 (Cicero), 653 (Seneca), 654 (Pliny), 655 (Quintilian), etc.
[521] Rashdall, i. 42.
[522] Lyte, 88-89; Einstein, 180.
[523] Bacon, Op. ined., 84, 148.
[524] Mullinger, 211.
[525] Rashdall, i. 77-8.
[526] Becker, 244.
[527] Cf. Becker, index.
[528] On Michael, see Bacon, Op. maj., 36, 37; Dante, Inferno, xx. 116; Boccaccio, 8 day, 9 novel; Scott, Lay, II. xi.; Brown, Life and Legend of M. S. (1897).
[529] Bacon, Op. ined., Comp. stud., 472 (Rolls Series).
[530] In Peterhouse Library, Cambridge, is a manuscript of Aristotle’s Metaphysica, with Latin translations from the Arabic and the Greek in parallel columns: the one being called the old translation, the other the new. The manuscript is of the thirteenth or fourteenth century.—James3, 43.
[531] Gasquet3, 143-44; see other instances, Camb. Mod. Hist., i. 588.
[532] Jourdain, Recherches ... traductions Latines d’A., 187; Gasquet3, 148.
[533] Paris, Chron. Maj., iv. 232-3; cp. Bacon, Op. ined., 91, 434.
[534] Stevenson, 224, 227; Camb. Mod. Hist., i. 586; James, lxxxvi.
[535] MS. Ff. i. 24; Paris, C.M. iv. 232; cf. v. 285.
[536] Sandys, i. 576.
[537] Now Canon. gr. 35 Bodleian; James, lxxxvi. This may be the Liber grecorum in the list of books repaired in 1508.—James, lxxxvi., 163.
[538] James16, 10.
[539] Op. Maj., 46.
[540] Op. Tertium, p. 55, 56.
[541] James (M. R.), lxxiv.
[542] Mun. Acad., 86, 430, 444; cf. Lyte, 235. Donatus came to be regarded as a synonymous term for grammar. In Piers Plowman a grammatical lesson or text-book is called “Donet.” A Greek grammar was called a “Donatus Graecorum.”
[543] Mun. Acad., 441.
[544] In the right-hand doorway of the west front of Chartres Cathedral are figures of the Seven Arts, Grammar being associated with Priscian, Logic with Aristotle, Rhetoric with Cicero, Music with Pythagoras, Arithmetic with Nicomachus, Geometry with Euclid, and Astronomy with Ptolemy. Cf. Marriage, Sculp. of Chartres Cath., 71-73 (1909).
[545] On medieval studies see further Mun. Acad., 34, 242-43, 285, 412-13; Sandys, i. 670.
[546] Oxford Stat., c. 21.
[547] Toxophilus, Arber’s ed., p. 19.
[548] Camb. Eng. Lit., iii. 364.
[549] Cf. Warton, ii. 95.
[550] By Jehan de Tuim, c. 1240.
[551] Wace or Layamon.
[552] Amadas et Idoine, an anonymous Norman French poem of the twelfth century.
[553] Sir Beves of Hamtoun (Fr. 13 cent., Eng. 14 cent.).
[554] Character in romance of Tristrem, by Thomas the Rymer.
[555] Haveloke. For other metrical catalogues see first and second prologues to Richard Cœur de Lion.—Ritson, Anc,. Eng. Metr. Romances, i. 55.
[556] Gladly, blithely.
[557] From beginning of Handlyng Synne, by Robert Mannying of Brunne.
[558] Bateson x.; Gasquet4, 30-31; James (M.R.), 148.
[559] Written at the end of the manuscript, which is in the Douce collection.—Warton, i. 182-83.
[560] MS. Burney, 11; James (M.R.), 515.
[561] B.M. MS. Reg., 9 B ix. 1.
[562] Lyte, 135.
[563] Mun. Acad., 665. Cf. p. 661.
[564] Mun. Acad., ci.
[565] Mun. Acad., lxxvii.
[566] Lyte, 93.
[567] Lounsbury, Studies in Chaucer, ii. 265.
[568] Wife of Bath’s Prologue, ll. 673-81.
[569] E. H. R., xxv. 453.
[570] Camb. Lit., i. 262.
[571] Piers Plowman, 186.
[572] “Quendam libru’ meu’ de Cantrbury Tales.”—N. & Q., 11 ser. ii. 26.
[573] Camb. Lit., i. 262.
[574] Jusserand, Piers, 13.