Note 7 — PART I 1813-1842 (continued 4)

Durch das Rod van unten. The punishment of the wheel was usually inflicted upon murderers, incendiaries, highwaymen and church robbers. There were two methods of inflicting this: (1) ‘from above downwards’ (von oben nach unten), in which the condemned man was despatched instantly owing to his neck getting broken from the start; and (2) ‘from below upwards’ (von unten nach oben), which is the method referred to above, and in which all the limbs of the victim were broken previous to his body being actually twisted through the spokes of the wheel.—Editor