Note 59 — II. THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE OF GOD.
Reading edition
Fiske, Idea of God, p. 139, quoting H. Spencer.
[60] S. Clem. Alex. Strom. I. v.
[61] Cf. Herbert Spencer, First Principles, Pt. I.
[62] See this criticism excellently stated in Caird's Phil. of Religion, pp. 32, etc.
[63] Natural Religion, iii. p. 45, quoted by Martineau.
[64] Ibid., iv. p. 74.
[65] Frederic Harrison's New Year's Address, 1884.
[66] A Study of Religion, vol. i. pp. 11, 12.
[67] Ibid., p. 15.
[68] Old Faith and New, § 41.
[69] 'Hoc vinculo pietatis obstricti Deo et religati sumus, unde ipsa religio nomen accepit, non ut Cicero interpretatus est, a relegendo,' Lact. Inst. iv. 28.
[70] De verâ religione, sub fin.
[71] Sum. Theol. 2. 2. 81. Art. 1.
[72] Idea of God, p. 117.
[73] See Seth's Hegelianism and Personality, pp. 223, 224, one or two sentences from which are, almost verbatim, transferred to the text.
[74] Justin Martyr (Exhort. ad Graec., ch. xxxiv) explains the anthropomorphisms of polytheism as an inversion of the truth that man is in the image of God.
[75] Hume, Essays, II. 425.
[76] H. Spencer, Eccl. Inst., p. 1.
[77] Psych. vol. ii. §§ 388-391.
[78] Caird, Philosophy of Religion, p. 162.
[79] Ritter and Preller, Hist. Phil. Graec., 7th ed. § 82.
[80] Ibid., § 83.
[81] Plat. Rep. 377-385.
[82] Theaet. 176 C.
[83] H. Spencer, of course, follows Kuenen in assuming a polytheistic origin of Hebrew monotheism. See Kuenen, Religion of Israel, i. 223.
[84] It is strange that Mr. Darwin should have failed to see that this was the answer to his difficulty. It appeared to him, he tells us (Autobiography, p. 308), 'utterly incredible that if God were now to make a revelation to the Hindoos, he would permit it to be connected with the belief in Vishnu, Siva, &c., as Christianity is connected with the Old Testament.' Incredible, no doubt. But why? For the very reason which makes it 'incredible' that man should be evolved directly from a fish, as Anaximander is said to have taught, and not incredible that he should be evolved, as Darwin teaches, from one of the higher vertebrates. The very idea of development, whether in species or religions, implies a law, and order in the development.
[85] S. Athan. De Incarn. c. xii.
[86] It is needless to say that this section is largely indebted to Dean Church's Discipline of the Christian Character.
[87] Edinb. Rev., Apr. 1888, p. 512.
[88] Discipline of the Christian Character, p. 85.
[89] Ibid., p. 87.
[90] Hegel, Phil. of Hist., p. 247, Eng. Tr.
[91] Cont. Rev., Oct. 1878, p. 645.
[92] Ranke, Popes, i. 395.
[93] Dollinger, The Church and the Churches, p. 239.
[94] Examination of Sir W. Hamilton's Philosophy, p. 103.
[95] H. Spencer, Data of Ethics, pref.
[96] See Ihne's remarks on the separation of morals and religion in Rome at the time of the Punic wars. 'The religious cravings were not satisfied, and men were carried either to the schools of Greek Philosophy or to the grossest and meanest superstition.' Hist. of Rome, vol. ii. pp. 477, 478.
[97] History of Religions, p. 22.
[98] Edersheim, Life and Times, i. p. 17.
[99] See Edersheim, i. pp. 31, etc.
[100] Hegel, Philosophy of History, p. 343, Eng. Tr.
[101] 2 S. Pet. ii. 1.
[102] 1 Tim. vi. 20.
[103] 1 Cor. viii. 6.
[104] 1 Cor. iii. 19.
[105] Euseb. iii. 28.
[106] 1 Cor. ii. 12.
[107] Newman's Arians, ch. ii. § 1.
[108] Natural Truth of Christianity, §§ 1, 2.
[109] Phil. of Hist., p. 343, Eng. Tr.
[110] Dorner. Hist. of Doct. i. pp. 362, etc.
[111] Adv. Prax. ch. iii.
[112] Cont. Noet. § xiv.
[113] Inst. iv. c. 29.
[114] Strom. v. 1.
[115] De Princ. I. ii. § 10.
[116] Adv. Arianos i. § 20.
[117] De Trin. viii. 10 and ix. 2.
[118] Iren. Adv. Haer. IV. iv. I. 2.
[119] Cf. pp. 333-336.
[120] Plat. Phaed. 98 B. Arist. Met.
[121] p. 455b17. The references are to the Berlin edition.
[122] p. 199a8, 18: 415b17: 731a24.
[123] p. 1070a7, 1033b8, 753a3.
[124] Dorner, Hist. of Doct. i. p. 366.
[125] S. Athan. Contra Gentes, § 42.
[126] Morison's Service of Man, p. 48.
[127] Quoted by W. S. Lilly, Nineteenth Century, Aug. 1888, p. 292.
[128] Morison, Service of Man, p. 49.
[129] It is far from our purpose to undervalue the work of Dr. Martineau. No more earnest and vigorous, and so far as it goes, no truer defence of religion has been published in our day. But his strength lies mainly in his protest against what destroys religion, and in his uncompromising assertion of what religion, as a condition of its existence, demands. He has done little to shew us how these demands can be rationally satisfied, how the personal God, which religion demands, is even an intelligible idea. He wavers between a view which logically developed must result in pantheism, and a view implying a distinction in the Divine nature, which carries him far in the Trinitarian direction. More often he contents himself with leaving the speculative question alone, or storming the rational position by the forces of religion and morals. See A Study of Religion, vol. ii. p. 145 compared with p. 192.
[130] Newman's Arians, p. 84.
[131] Cf. Fiske, Idea of God, pp. 103, 104. Martineau, A Study of Religion, ii. 172, 173.
[132] Idea of God, cf. § v. and pp. 105-110.
[133] Apparently by Prof. Allen's Continuity of Christian Thought.
[134] Fiske, Idea of God, p. 94.
[135] Ibid., § vii.
[136] De Incarn. c. 17.
[137] De Civ. Dei, vii. c. xxx; cf. too De Gen. ad lit. iv. c. 12; Enchir. ad Laur. c. 27.
[138] S. Thoa. Aq. Sum. Theol. I. i. Quaest. 2, says that the Existence of God is demonstrable, but he explains that he does not mean strict demonstration, demonstratio apodeictica but demonstratio ab effectibus.
[139] The Existence of God. By Rev. R. F. Clarke, S.J., p. 6.
[140] Huxley's Hume, p. 81.
[141] 'The one act of faith in the convert to science, is the confession of the universality of order and of the absolute validity, in all times and under all circumstances, of the law of causation. This confession is an act of faith, because, by the nature of the case, the truth of such propositions is not susceptible of proof.' Huxley in Darwin's Life and Letters, vol. ii. p. 200.
[142] Essay IV. 10. § 2.
[143] Cf. Green's Works, vol. ii. p. 284.
[144] Log. Bk. III. ch. iii. § 2.
[145] Strom. vi. 5.
[146] Lact. Institt. IV. iii.
[147] Butler's Analogy, Pt. II. ch. iii. p. 183.