Note 1 — Chapter II · STERNE IN GERMANY BEFORE THE PUBLICATION OF THE SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY

A reviewer in the Frankfurter Gel. Anz., as early as 1774, asserts that Sterne had inspired more droll and sentimental imitations in Germany than even in England. (Apr. 5, 1774.)

2. See Bibliography for list of books giving more or less extended accounts of Sterne’s influence.

3. Sterne did, to be sure, assert in a letter (Letters, I, p. 34) that he wrote “not to be fed but to be famous.” Yet this was after this desire had been fulfilled, and, as the expression agrees with the tone and purpose of the letter in which it is found, it does not seem necessary to place too much weight upon it. It is very probable in view of evidence collected later that Sterne began at least to write Tristram as a pastime in domestic misfortune. The thirst for fame may have developed in the progress of the composition.

4. Fitzgerald says “end of December,” Vol. I, p. 116, and the volumes were reviewed in the December number of the Monthly Review, 1759 (Vol. XXI, pp. 561–571), though without any mention of the author’s name. This review mentions no other publisher than Cooper.

5. Quoted by Fitzgerald, Vol. I, p. 126.

6. The full title of this paper was Staats- und gelehrte Zeitung des Hamburgischen unpartheyischen Correspondenten.

7. Meusel: Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen teutschen Schriftsteller. Bd. XV. (Leipzig bey Fleischer) 1816, pp, 472–474.

8. Berlin, bei August Mylius. 1764.

9. Behmer (L. Sterne und C. M. Wieland, p. 15) seems to be unaware of the translations of the following parts, and of the authorship.

10. This attempt to supply a ninth volume of Tristram Shandy seems to have been overlooked. A spurious third volume is mentioned in the Natl. Dict. of Biography and is attributed to John Carr. This ninth volume is however noticed in the London Magazine, 1766, p. 691, with accompanying statement that it is “not by the author of the eight volumes.” The genuine ninth volume is mentioned and quoted in this magazine in later issues, 1767, p. 78, 206.

11. This edition is reviewed also in Almanach der deutschen Musen, 1774, p. 97.

12. “Kein Deutscher, welcher das Uebersetzen aus fremden Sprachen als ein Handwerk ansieht.”

13. I, p. 111.

14. “Lexicon der Hamburgischen Schriftsteller,” Hamburg, 1851–1883.

15. Tristram Shandy, I, p. 107, and Zückert’s translation, I, p. 141.

16. In this review and in the announcement of Sterne’s death, this periodical refers to him as the Dean of York, a distinction which Sterne never enjoyed.

17. 1767, p. 691. The reference is given in the Register to 1753–1782 erroneously as p. 791.

18. “Predigten von Laurenz Sterne oder Yorick.” Zürich, bey Fuesslin & Comp, 1766–69. 3 vols.

19. The Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek was founded in 1765.

20. XII, 1, pp. 210–211 and 2, p. 202.

21. For full title see Bibliography.

22. Vol. I, p. 460.

23. Edited by Klotz and founded in 1767, published at Halle by J. J. Gebauer. Vol. I, Part 2, p. 183.

24. Vol. II, p. 500.

25. The former says merely “the last parts”, the latter designates “the last three.”

26. III, 1, pp. 1 ff.

27. This article is not to be confused with Garve’s well-known article published in the same magazine, LXI, pp. 51–77 (1798).

28. IV, St. 2, pp. 376–7.

29. This is from the February number, 1767, of the Monthly Review. (Vol. XXXVI, p. 102.)

30. The seventh and eighth volumes of Shandy, English edition, are reviewed in the first number of a short-lived Frankfurt periodical, Neue Auszüge aus den besten ausländischen Wochen und Monatsschriften, 1765. Unterhaltungen, a magazine published at Hamburg and dealing largely with English interests, notes the London publication of the spurious ninth volume of Shandy (Vol. II, p. 152, August, 1766). Die Brittische Bibliothek, another magazine consisting principally of English reprints and literary news, makes no mention of Sterne up to 1767. Then in a catalogue of English books sold by Casper Fritsch in Leipzig, Shandy is given, but without the name of the author. There is an account of Sterne’s sermons in the Neue Hamburgische Zeitung, April, 1768.

31. Mendelssohn’s Schriften, edited by Prof. Dr. G. B. Mendelssohn. Leipzig, Brockhaus, 1844. Vol. V, p. 171.

32. Kürschner edition of Lessing’s works, III, 2, pp. 156–157. See also “Lessing und die Engländer” by Josef Caro in Euphorion, VI, pp. 489 ff. Erich Schmidt made the statement in his life of Lessing in the edition of 1884, but corrected it later, in the edition of 1899, probably depending on parallel passages drawn from Paul Albrecht’s “Lessing’s Plagiate” (Hamburg and Leipzig, 1888–1891), an extraordinary work which by its frequent absurdity and its viciousness of attack forfeits credence in its occasional genuine discoveries.

33. Lessing. “Geschichte seines Lebens und seiner Schriften.” Berlin, 1884, I, pp. 174, 465. This is omitted in the latest edition.

34. Perry (Thomas Sargeant) “From Opitz to Lessing.” Boston, 1885, p. 162.

35. Quoted by Lichtenberg in “Göttingischer Taschenkalender,” 1796, p. 191. “Vermischte Schriften,” VI, p. 487.

36. Lachmann edition, Berlin, 1840. Vol. XII, p. 240.

37. XIII, pp. 209–10.

38. XVII, pp. 30–45. The article is reprinted in the Hempel edition of Lessing, XVII, pp. 263–71.

39. Nicolai uses the German word for colonel, a title which Uncle Toby never bore.

40. R. Haym. “Herder nach seinem Leben und seinen Werken.” I, p. 413.

41. Haym, I, p. 261.

42. Herder’s “Briefe an Joh. Georg Hamann,” ed. by Otto Hoffmann, Berlin, 1889, p. 25, or “Lebensbild” II, p. 140.

43. “Briefe an Hamann,” p. 27.

44. Lebensbild II (I, 2), p. 256; also in Hamann’s Schriften, ed. by Roth. Berlin, 1822, III, p. 372. Hamann asks Herder to remind his publisher, when the latter sends the promised third part of the “Fragmente,” to inclose without fail the engraving of Sterne, because the latter is absolutely essential to his furnishings.

45. See Suphan I, p. 163; II, p. 46.

46. Suphan III, pp. 170, 223, 233, 277, 307.

47. Briefe an Hamann, p. 49.

48. . . . . in Auszug aus den Werken verschiedener Schriftsteller von Friedrich Just Riedel, Jena, 1767. The chapter cited is pp. 137 ff.

49. I, p. 106.

50. Pp. 91–96; see also p. 331.

51. Pp. 118–120, or Sämmtliche Schriften, Wien, 1787, 4ter Th., 4ter Bd., p. 133. A review with quotation of this criticism of Shandy is found in the Deutsche Bibliothek der schönen Wissenschaften, II, p. 659, but after the publication of the Mittelstedt translation of the Sentimental Journey had been reviewed in the same periodical.

52. See “Julie von Bondeli und ihr Freundeskreis,” von Eduard Bodemann. Hannover, 1874.

53. Nicholas Ant. Kirchberger, the Swiss statesman and philosopher, the friend of Rousseau.

54. Behmer, “Laurence Sterne und C. M. Wieland,” pp. 15–17.

55. “Ausgewählte Briefe,” Bd. II, p. 285 f. Zürich, 1815.

56. V, pp. 345–6. 1774.

57. See Lebensbild, V, p. 107 and p. 40.

58. 1769, p. 840.

59. See Behmer, p. 24, and the letter to Riedel, October 26, 1768, Ludwig Wielands Briefsammlung. I, p. 232.

60. P. 856.

61. These two aspects of the Sterne cult in Germany will be more fully treated later. The historians of literature and other investigators who have treated Sterne’s influence in Germany have not distinguished very carefully the difference between Sterne’s two works, and the resulting difference between the kind and amount of their respective influences. Appell, however, interprets the condition correctly and assigns the cause with accuracy and pointedness. (“Werther und seine Zeit.” p. 246). The German critics repeat persistently the thought that the imitators of Sterne remained as far away from the originals as the Shakespeare followers from the great Elizabethan. See Gervinus, Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung, I, 184; Hettner, “Geschichte der deutschen Literatur im 18. Jahrhundert,” III, 1, p. 362; Hofer, “Deutsche Litteraturgeschichte,” p. 150.