Note 7 — ILLUSTRATIONS
Reading edition
Examples in European history are the Carbonari of Italy, the Tugenbund and the Vehmgericht of Germany, the Klephts of Greece, Young Italy, the Nihilists of Russia, the Masonic order in most Catholic countries during the first half of the Nineteenth Century, Beati Paoli of Sicily, the Illuminati, etc. The "Confréries" of Medieval France were similar illegal societies formed "pour dèfendre les innocentes et reprimer les violences iniques."—Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Generale, Vol. 2, p. 466.