Note 104 — Chapter V · THE STATE.

Although states are established for the protection of their members, it is not necessary that this protection should be absolutely limited to members. In exceptional cases and to a limited extent the state will use its powers for the defence and benefit of outsiders. War way be waged on behalf of an oppressed nation, and the state may intervene, in the interests of justice, in a quarrel not its own. Nor will it necessarily refuse to administer justice in its courts even to non-resident aliens. But such external protection is exceptional and accidental, and does not pertain to the essence of government. A state is established, not for the defence of all mankind, and not for the maintenance of right throughout all the earth, but solely for the security of its own members, and the administration of its own territory. A state which absolutely refused its protection to all outsiders would none the less adequately fulfil the essential purposes of a political society.