Note 5 — PART I. JAPAN AND THE PACIFIC.

“If war is made to enforce a commercial treaty, we run the risk of engaging in protracted hostilities, and of earning a reputation for quarrelling with every nation in the East.... The Japanese may well be jealous of Europeans, who insult their usages and carry away their gold” (Lord J. Russell to Mr. Alcock, Feb. 28, 1860).