Note 1 — Chapter VIII · RECONSTRUCTION
Reading edition
See above, p. 41 ff.
2. See Wu Chih-fang, Chinese Government and Politics, pp. 147 ff., Shanghai, 1934.
3. The outline given and the description offered are brief and generalized because the Japanese invasion will probably lead to recurrent reorganization of the government. Shih Chao-ying and Chang Chi-hsien (editors), The Chinese Year Book, 1936-1937, have an excellent series of short descriptions by acknowledged authorities of the organs of government. Some of these are: Tsui Wei-wu, "Kuomintang," pp. 223-229; Ray Chang, "Central and Local Administrative Systems," pp. 230-240; Tsiang Ting-fu, "Executive Yüan," pp. 241-246; Hsieh Pao-chao, "Legislative Yüan," pp. 247-292; Hsieh Kuan-sheng, "Judicial Yüan," pp. 293-336; Chien Chih-shiu, "Control Yüan," pp. 337-347; Chen Ta-chi, "Examination Yüan," pp. 348-362; and Chu Shih-ming, "Army," pp. 946-955. This annual, which is written by Chinese in English and edited by Chinese, is not to be confused with the British China Year Book, 1912-; the latter gives a broad outline of Chinese government.
4. Kalfred Dip Lum, Chinese Government, Shanghai, 1934. The author was himself a member of this convention; his work, therefore, possesses unusual interest.
5. Tsiang Ting-fu, loc. cit. in note 3, pp. 244-245.
6. A number of French doctoral dissertations by Chinese students deal with Chinese local government. Although they are of uneven quality, some give considerable material not otherwise available in a Western language. Among these are Chang-Yu-Sing, L'Autonomie locale en Chine, Nancy, 1933; Hsu Han-hao, L'Administration provinciale en Chine, Nancy, 1931; Ku-Yen-Ju, Le Regime actuel le l'indépendance decentralisée en Chine, Nancy, 1931; and Loo Kon-tung, La Vie municipale et l'urbanisme en Chine, Lyon, 1934. Among the most valuable and informing pictures of hsien government is "Hsien Government and Functions" by W. H. Ma, The Chinese Recorder (Shanghai), vol. 68, pp. 506-512, 1937. The quotation is from p. 506. The Information Bulletins published by the Council of International Affairs, Nanking, 1936-1937, include much material on Chinese politics and government. Especially interesting are E. C. Tang, Five Years of the Control Yüan, Nanking, 1936, and C. L. Hsia, Background and Features of the Draft Constitution of China, Nanking, 1937.
7. See "An Account of the Hsien and Banner Council System of Manchoukuo," Contemporary Manchuria (Dairen), vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 92 ff., 1938.
8. Compare the position of Chiang as Party Leader in China with that of the Führer in Germany, as described in Fritz Morstein Marx, Government in the Third Reich, 2d ed., pp. 62 ff., New York and London, 1937.
9. See the news reports in The China Weekly Review (Shanghai), vol. 84, pp. 150 ff., 1938.
10. See Fundamental Laws of the Chinese Soviet Republic, p. 18, New York, 1934. Edgar Snow's Red Star Over China, New York, 1938, is the best book on the Chinese Communists. P. Miff, Heroic China, New York, 1937, is a useful condensed history of Communism in China based on the material currently available in the Soviet press. Mao Tse-tung, Wang Ming and others, China: The March Toward Unity, New York, 1937, contains some of Snow's material and also translations of important speeches and manifestoes regarding the inauguration of a United Front policy. A considerable amount of Chinese Communist material is to be found in the magazines The Voice of China (now suspended), Shanghai, and China Today, New York.
11. For a description of the nature and organization of the pro-Japanese Peking regime of 1937-1938 see Andrew W. Canniff, "Japan's Puppets in China," Asia, vol. 38, pp. 151-153, 1938. The new Nanking regime is described in the China Weekly Review (Shanghai), Apr. 2, 1938.
12. Tsui Shu-chin, "The Influence of the Canton-Moscow Entente upon Sun Yat-sen's Revolutionary Tactics," The Chinese Social and Political Science Review (Peiping), vol. 20, pp. 101 ff., 1936.
13. For biographies of Chiang K'ai-shek see Chen Tsung-hsi, Wang An-tsiang, and Wang I-ting, General Chiang Kai-shek, the Builder of New China, Shanghai, 1929; Gustav Amann, Chiang Kaishek und die Regierung der Kuomintang in China, Berlin and Heidelberg, 1936, which is only incidentally a biography of Chiang, since its scope is that of providing nation-wide reportage; Hollington K. Tong, Chiang Kai-shek, 2 vols., Shanghai, 1937; and Robert Berkov, Strong Man of China, Boston, 1938. The Japanese retired Admiral Ishimaru Tota published a sensational life of Chiang (which appeared in Chinese as Chiang Chieh-shih Wei-ta, Shanghai, 1937); since Mr. Ishimaru's other works have been translated into English, this one may soon be available for Western readers.