Note 1 — Chapter VI · THE EMPIRE

See above, p. 17 ff., 83 ff.

2. Herrlee G. Creel, The Birth of China, p. 138, London, 1936.

3. Leon Wieger, S. J., La Chine à travers les âges: hommes et choses, pp. 22-25, Hsien-hsien, 1920. This is among the most useful handbooks of Chinese history and bibliography. It is written on a popular level and designed for the rapid and easy information of Catholic missionaries in China. H. F. MacNair, Modern Chinese History, Selected Readings, Shanghai, 1923, will be found entertaining as well as highly informative.

4. See John K. Shryock, The Origin and Development of the State Cult of Confucius, New York, 1932, for a description of the rise of Confucianism.

5. For a list of the Chinese dynasties see below, 197.

6. T'ang government is outlined on the basis of Baron Robert des Rotours, Le Traité des examens, Paris, 1932, a lucid and detailed translation of a section of the T'ang dynastic history dealing with the civil service. The book includes a valuable account of the organization of T'ang government and may well be cited as a model of Sinological achievement. The rendering Department of Ministerial Coordination was suggested by the usage of Professor C. S. Gardner, Harvard-Yenching Institute.

7. Rotours, op. cit., p. 10. See also ibid., p. 3.

8. Cf. Hans Wist, Das Chinesische Zensorat, Hamburg, 1932.

9. For a Western parallel see Fritz Morstein Marx, Civil Service in Germany, in: Civil Service Abroad, p. 181 n. 31, New York and London, 1935.

10. For further detail on local home rule see below, p. 177 ff.

11. Rotours, op. cit., pp. 26-55, "Les examens sous la dynastie des T'ang."

12. Jean Escarra, Le droit chinois, p. 97, Peiping and Paris, 1936. This is the outstanding work on Chinese law, by a French scholar long in the service of Chinese governments. The exhaustive bibliography of Escarra may be supplemented by Cyrus H. Peake, "Recent Studies in Chinese Law," Political Science Quarterly, vol. 52, pp. 117-138, 1937.

13. P. C. Hsieh, The Chinese Government, 1644-1911, Baltimore, 1925; William F. Mayers, The Chinese Government, Shanghai, 1897.

14. T. F. Wade, "The Army of the Chinese Empire," The Chinese Repository (Canton), vol. 20, p. 300 n., 1851.

15. The following discussion has been taken from the author's The Political Doctrines of Sun Yat-sen, pp. 38-43, Baltimore, 1937.

16. D. H. Kulp, Family Life in South China, p. xxiv, New York, 1925.

17. See H. G. Creel, Sinism, Chicago, 1929.

18. See Arthur H. Smith, Village Life in China, p. 228, New York, 1899.

19. See J. S. Burgess, The Guilds of Peking, New York, 1928. The present classification is a modification of that of Burgess.

20. Translation by the present author.

21. See Hsieh, op. cit., in note 13; Meribeth E. Cameron, The Reform Movement in China, 1898-1912, Stanford, 1931; Harold M. Vinacke, Modern Constitutional Development in China, Princeton, 1920.

22. Reginald Johnston, Twilight in the Forbidden City, London, 1934, presents an interesting narrative of court life before and after the revolution of 1911-1912.

23. Lyon Sharman, Sun Yat-sen: His Life and Its Meaning, pp. 30-32, New York, 1934.

24. Sun Yat-sen, Kidnapped in London, pp. 13-15, Bristol and London, 1897. This is a most engrossing work, whether considered as a political revelation, a personal narrative, or a story of adventure.

25. Sun Yat-sen (Hu Han-min, editor), Tsung-li Ch'üan-chi (The Complete Works of the Leader), vol. IV, p. 357, Shanghai, 1930; from "The True Solution to the Chinese Question," pp. 347-368, an article written by Sun himself in English.

26. Ibid., p. 366.