Note 748 — APPENDICES.

Pertz's Monumenta Historica, vol. xx.

[749] "The application to Rome and the debate which followed it there are to be found in the Historia Pontificalis, 41 (Pertz, xx. 543). Bishop (sic) Henry 'promisit se daturum operam et diligentiam ut apostolicus Eustachium filium regis coronaret. Quod utique fieri non licebat, nisi Romani pontificis veniâ impetratâ.' I have already (see above, p. 251) had to refer to some of the points urged in this debate" (Norm. Conq., v. 325, note). On turning to "p. 251," we similarly find the debate spoken of as belonging to "later years," and at p. 354 also, while at p. 857 we read: "At a later time, in the argument before Pope Innocent (sic), when Stephen is trying to get the pontiff's consent to the coronation of his son Eustace (p. 325)," etc., etc. How an argument could be held before Innocent, many years after his death, Mr. Freeman does not explain.

[750] England under the Angevin Kings, i. 278, note.

[751] England under the Angevin Kings, i. 370, note.

[752] Ibid., i. 370, 371, 495, 496.

[753] Academy, November 12, 1887.

[754] "Sed jam nunc Deo propitio et favente parti huic domino papa Celestino."

[755] "Audisti dominum papam Innocentium convocasse ecclesiam et Romæ conventum celebrem habuisse."

[756] England under the Angevin Kings, i. 500.

[757] Perhaps she did not recognize his name (see below).

[758] "Ex adverso steterunt a rege missi Rogerus Cestrensis episcopus Lupellus clericus Guillelmi bone memorie Cantuarensis archiepiscopi, et qui eis in causa patrocinabatur Ernulfus archidiaconus Sagiensis" (Hist. Pontif., 41).

[759] "Audisti dominum papam Innocentium convocasse ecclesiam et Romæ conventum celebrem habuisse. Magno illi conventui cum domino et patre nostro domino abbato Cluniacensi interfui et ego Cluniacensium minimus. Ibi causa hæc in medium deducta est, et aliquandiu ventilata" (Foliot's letter, lxxix., ed. Giles, i. 100).

[760] Charters and Records of the Ancient Abbey of Cluni (1888).

[761] "Felicis memoriæ rex Anglorum et Dux Normannorum, Henricus, Willelmi primo ducis dein regis filius, speciali eam [Cluniacensem ecclesiam] amore coluit et veneratus est. Donis autem multiplicibus et magnis omnes jam dictos exsuperans, etiam majorem ecclesiam ... miro et singulari opere inter universas pene tocius orbis ecclesias consummavit. Ea de causa, specialis apud universos Cluniacensis ordinis fratres ejus memoria habetur et in perpetuum per Dei gratiam habebitur. Cui in paterna hereditate succedens Matildis, ejus filia, Henrici magni Romanorum imperatoris conjux ... paternæ imaginis et prudentiæ formam velut sigillo impressam representavit, et præter alia digna relatu, Cluniacensem ecclesiam more patris sincere dilexit" (ibid., ii. 104).

[762] "Stabat ab Imperatrice dominus Andegavensis episcopus, qui ... duo inducebat precipue, jus scilicet hereditarium et factum imperatrici juramentum" (Foliot's letter, ut supra). "Querimoniam imperatricis ad papam Innocentium Ulgerius Andegavorum venerandus antistes detulit, arguens regem periurii et illicité presumptionis regni" (Hist. Pontif., 41).

[763] "Hic [Ernulfus] adversus episcopum allegavit publice, quod imperatrix patris erat indigna successione, eo quod de incestis nupciis procreata et filia fuerat monialis, quam Rex Henricus de monasterio Romeseiensi extraxerat eique velum abstulerat" (Hist. Pontif.). "Imperatricem, de qua loquitur, non de legitimo matrimonio ortam denuntiamus. Deviavit a legitimo tramite Henricus rex, et quam non licebat sibi junxit matrimonio, unde istius sunt natalitia propagata: quare illam patri in heredem non debere succedere et sacra denuntiant" (Foliot's letter).

[764] "Sublato enim jure principali, necessario tollitur et secundarium. In hac igitur causâ principale est, quod dominus Andegavensis de hereditate inducit et ab hoc totum illud dependet, quod de juramento subjungitur. Imperatrici namque sicut heredi juramentum factum fuisse pronunciat. Totum igitur quod de juramento inducitur, exinaniri necesse est, si de ipso hereditario jure non constiterit" (ibid.).

[765] "Juramentum confessus est [Ernulfus], sed adjecit violentur extortum, et sub conditione scilicet imperatrici successionem patris se pro viribus servaturum, nisi patrem voluntatem mutare contingeret et heredem alium instituere; poterat enim esse ut ei de uxore filius nasceretur. Postremo subjecit quod rex Henricus mutaverat voluntatem et in extremis agens filium sororis suæ Stephanum designavit heredem" (Hist. Pontif.).

[766] So also Gervase of Canterbury.

[767] "Hoc in communi audientiâ multum vociferatione declamatum est, et nihil omnino ab altera parte responsum."

[768] "Rogo, mihi in parte ista respondeas. Interim dicam ipse quod sentio. Majores natu, personas religiosas et sanctas, sæpius de re ista conveni. Audio illius matrimonii copulam sancto Anselmo archiepiscopo ministrante celebratam.... Manus autem sibi præcidi permississet [Anselmus], quam eas ad opus illicitum extendisset."

[769] His reply was: "Ipsa [Romana ecclesia] enim confirmavit matrimonium quod accusas, filiamque ex eo susceptam domnus Pascalis Romanus pontifex inunxit in imperatricem. Quod utique non fecisset de filia monialis. Nec eum veritas latere poterat, quia non fuit obscurum matrimonium aut contractum in tenebris."

[770] "Multorum vociferatione declamatum est."

[771] "In Archidiaconum excandescens" (Hist. Pontif.).

[772] "Non tulit ulterius contentiones eorum domnus Innocentius nec sententiam ferre voluit aut causam in aliud differre tempus, sed contra consilium quorundam cardinalium et maxime Guidonis presbiteri sancti Marci, receptis muneribus regis Stephani, ei familiaribus litteris regnum Angliæ confirmavit et ducatum Normanniæ." This is the passage so inexplicably printed in Pertz as part of the bishop's speech, which immediately precedes it.

[773] "Ulgerius vero cum cognitioni cause supersederi videret, verbo comico utebatur dicens: 'De causa sua querentibus intus despondebitur;' et adjiciebat: 'Petrus enim peregre profectus est, nummulariis relicta domo'" (Hist. Pontif.).

[774] Ed. Howlett, p. 147.

[775] Compare the description of Henry of Winchester, shortly before this, as "spe scilicet captus amplissima" that Stephen would do his duty by the Church.

[776] "Ne filium regis, qui contra jusjurandum regnum obtinuisse videbatur in regem sublimaret" (Gervase).

[777] Vol. i. p. 369.

[778] Pertz, xx. p. 531. Bishop Miles is sent to England, "ad petitionem Gaufridi comitis Andegavorum, ut regem super perjurio et regni occupatione conveniret et ducatu Normanniæ, quem invaserat."

[779] Mr. Howlett has duly pointed out that Geoffrey did not, as Miss Norgate imagines, hand over Normandy to his son in consequence of this challenge; but I would point out further that Stephen demanded not merely the surrender of Normandy, but also that of the English districts then under Angevin sway ("Hoc retulit responsum: quod rex utrumque honorem et jure suo et ecclesie Romane auctoritate adeptus erat, nec refugerat stare judicio apostolicæ sedis, quando eum comes violenter ducatu spoliavit et parte regni. Quibus non restitutis non debebat subire judicium" (p. 531)).

[780] "Confiscata sunt (1148) bona ejus et secundo proscriptus pro obediencia Romane ecclesie. Nam et alia vice propter obedienciam sedis Apostolicæ proscriptus fuerat, quando, urgente mandato domini Henrici Wintoniensis episcopi tunc legatione fungentis in Anglia post alios episcopos omnes receperat imperatricem ... licet inimicissimos habuerit regem et consiliarios suos" (Hist. Pontif.).

[781] [Stephen] "quem tota Anglicana ecclesia sequebatur ex constitutione ecclesie Romane. Licet proceres divisi diversos principes sequerentur, unum tamen habebat ecclesia ... quod episcopo non licuerat ecclesiam scindere ei subtrahendo fidelitatem quem ecclesia Romana recipiebat ut principem" (Ibid., pp. 532, 533).

[782] England under the Angevin Kings, i. 500-502.

[783] Ibid.

[784] The stinging taunts of the Bishop of Angers on Arnulf's humble origin, as given in the Hist. Pontif., are of great importance in their bearing on Henry I.'s policy of raising men to power "from the dust." They should be compared with the well-known sneer of Ordericus (see p. 111).

[785] England under the Angevin Kings, i. p. 496, note.

[786] Ibid., p. 369.

[787] Ibid., p. 496, note.

[788] I called attention to this letter in a communication to the Athenæum, pointing out that in Mr. Horwood's report on the Liber Epistolaris in an Historical MSS. Commission Report on Lord Harlech's MSS. (1874), mention was made, among its contents, of a letter from the Bishop of Winchester to Brian fitz Count, and of Brian's reply, which is merely described as "a long reply to the above" (it extends over three folios), and of which a précis should certainly have been given.