Note 430 — Chapter V · THE DEPORTATIONS (continued 2)

Cf. with the January, 1920, raids, the following facts from Moore’s Digest of International Law, IV, 108: “In May, 1898, F. Scandella, a citizen of the United States, engaged in the cattle and transportation business at Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela, was suddenly arrested while walking in the streets of that city, and was thrown into prison, where he was denied communication with his family and friends. Next day he was taken under guard to a steamer, and was sent to the British island of Trinidad. His wife and five young children were left without funds; his cattle and mules were stolen; and his house, which was about three miles from town, was sacked. The authorities of the State of Bolivar alleged as the cause of his seizure and expulsion ‘frequent denunciations’ and ‘well-founded suspicions’ that he was ‘plotting secretly against public order.’ The United States minister interposed in the case, presenting testimonials as to Mr. Scandella’s character and standing; and the President of the Republic intimated a desire to settle the case outside of diplomatic channels. Scandella was permitted to return to Venezuela; and early in July, 1898, the case was understood to have been adjusted on the basis of $1,600 in cash, American gold, and a promise of reimbursement for property taken or destroyed.” Other examples of arbitrary expulsion are the Hollander case in Guatemala, ibid., 102; and the Bluefields cases in Nicaragua, ibid., 99. Several arbitrations on expulsion are contained in Moore’s Digest of International Arbitrations, IV, c. LX.