Note 18 — Chapter I

The most important of these petty states in Alexander’s time were the

Duchy of Ferrara in the hands of Ercole, Marquis of Este.

Bologna, „ Giovanni Bentivoglio.

Imola and Forli, „ Caterina Sforza, niece of Ludovico il Moro, and widow of Girolamo Riario, nephew of Sixtus IV.

Rimini, „ Pandolfo Malatesta.

Faenza, „ Astorre Manfredi.

Pesaro, „ Giovanni Sforza, distant cousin of Ludovico and first husband of Lucrezia Borgia.

Camerino, „ Giulio Cæsare Varano.

Duchy of Urbino, „ Guidobaldo di Montefeltro.

Sinigaglia, „ Francesco Maria della Rovere, a boy.

A few such as Ancona were still republics, but were weak and obscure.