Note 22 — PART I Financing the Plymouth Colony
Reading edition
Smith is quoted in Bradford, History, ed. Ford, I, 104n. Andrews observed that even though the names of a number of the adventurers were known, “of only a few can any further information be obtained,” Col. Per. Amer. Hist., I, 287n. The research on which the following paragraphs are based is probably the most sustained effort so far to find out more. The late Col. Charles E. Banks was interested chiefly in tracing the emigrants to Plymouth; see Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., LXI, 55–63, “William Bradford and the Pilgrim Quarter in London.”
For Sir Thomas Andrews, see Valerie Pearl, London and the Outbreak of the Puritan Revolution (Oxford, 1961), 309–311, 208, 240, 242. This work is invaluable for its mass of biographical detail about London merchants, interpretation of London’s role, and bibliography. J. C. Whitebrook, “Sir Thomas Andrewes, Lord Mayor and Regicide, and his Relatives,” Trans. Congregational Hist. Soc., XIII (1938–39), 151–165, informs us that Damaris Andrews, daughter of Thomas, married the son of Matthew Cradock, first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company. The Richard Andrews connected with Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, appears to be the brother of Thomas, ibid., 159. For Thomas’s official career, see C. H. Firth and R. S. Rait, eds., Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642–60 (London, 1911), 2 vols., passim, esp. I, 1150, 1255; II, 365, 595, 647, 917; A. B. Beaven, The Aldermen of London (London, 1908), II, 66. As an active member of the directorate of the East India Company, he was expert on shipping and the sale of Company wares; see E. B. Sainsbury, ed., Cal. Court Mins. E. I. Co., 1635–1676 (Oxford, 1907–35), III, xi, xvi, xxii-xxiii, 218, 222, 128, 224, 267; V, xxxii, 333. Among summaries of Independency in the Civil Wars, see J. R. Tanner, English Constitutional Conflicts of the 17th Century (Cambridge, repr. 1947), 128; Pearl, London and the Outbreak, 6, who reminds us of the distinction between religious Independents and “political independents.” The complex situation in England is not easy to summarize.