Note 353 — Front matter (continued 7)

The contradiction is characteristic of the literature on Pius IX. Most of it was written before or just after his death and is fiercely partisan. Petruccelli della Gattina's Pie IX. (1866) is the chief and least reliable of the hostile biographies: T.A. Trollope's Story of the Life of Pius IX. (2 vols., 1877) is one of the most temperate of the anti-Papal works and still has some use: F. Hitchman's Pius the Ninth (1878) is slighter but equally moderate. Such studies as those of Shea, Maguire, Dawson, Wappmannsperger (2 vols.), Stepischnegg (2 vols.), Pougeois (6 vols.), and Freiherr von Helfert are equally prejudiced on the Catholic side. The best study of the character and work of Pius is Dr. F. Nielsen's Papacy in the Nineteenth Century (2 vols., 1906), a temperate (perhaps not sufficiently critical) and scholarly work. Bishop G.S. Pelczar's Pio IX. e il suo Pontificato (3 vols., Italian translation 1909) is learned but fulsome and undiscriminating. Father R. Ballerini's incomplete study (published as Les premières pages du Pontificat du Pape Pie IX., 1909) has no distinction. For special aspects see D. Silvagni, La Corte e la Società Romana (1885), and Count von Hoensbroech's Rom und das Zentrum (1910), and works quoted hereafter.