Note 1 — Chapter XI · NEW CHŌ-SEN.
Reading edition
Beginning at the most northern and eastern, and following the sea line south around up to the northeast, they are:
Corean. Japanese. English.
1. Ham-kiung, or Kan-kiō dō. Perfect Mirror, or Complete View Province.
2. Kang-wen, or Ko-gen dō. Bay Meadow Province.
3. Kiung-sang, or Kei-shō dō. Respectful Congratulation Province.
4. Julla, or Zen-ra dō. Completed Network Province.
5. Chung-chong, or Chiu-sei dō. Serene Loyalty Province.
6. Kiung-kei, or Kei-ki dō. The Capital Circuit, or Home Province.
7. Whang-hai, or Ko-kai dō. Yellow Sea Province.
8. Ping-an, or Hei-an dō Peace and Quiet Province.
In this table we have given the names in English which approximate the sounds of the Chinese characters, with which names of the provinces are written, and as they are heard to-day in Chō-sen. The modern Coreans use the modern Chinese sounds of the characters, while the Japanese cling to the ancient Chinese pronunciation of the same characters as they received them through Hiaksai and Shinra, eleven or twelve centuries ago. The old pure Corean sounds were Teru-ra tai for Zen-ra dō, Tsiku-shaku tai for Chiu-sei dō, Keku-shaku tai for Kei-ki dō, etc. ↑