Note 31 — Chapter VIII · THE NEWS AT ATHENS.
Reading edition
There were three original moods in Greek music, the Dorian, Phrygian, and Lydian. The last of these was in a major scale, and was reckoned to be plaintive and effeminate. So Milton writes in L’Allegro.
“And ever against eating cares Lap one in soft Lydian airs Married to immortal verse; Such as the melting soul may pierce In notes with many a winding bout Of linked sweetness long drawn out.”
The Dorian was in a minor scale, and was considered to be manly and vigorous. Martial music was of this kind. So, to quote Milton again, we have:
“Anon they move In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood Of flutes and soft melodies; such as raised To heights of noblest temper heroes old Coming to battle.”
The third, or Phrygian, was also minor, and was considered to be suitable for sacrifices and other religious functions as being of an ecstatic kind. There were combinations and modifications of these moods. Readers who may desire to know more of the subject, should consult Professor Mahaffy’s Rambles and Studies in Greece, pp. 424-444 (3rd edition). A more elaborate account may be found in Mr. Chappell’s History of Music.