Note 1 — Chapter III · Arctic Flora and Fauna

Bears, of course, abound. The female is the only arctic land creature which hibernates. Then there is the wolf, the white and blue fox,1 the ermine, the arctic hare, a tailless snow mouse, or lemming, the musk ox, and—the most widely distributed of all—the cariboo or reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). It would be impossible to over-estimate the value of the last named beautiful creature, alive or dead, to all the peoples of the arctic countries, east or west. It would be superfluous here to remark much about it, except to note one interesting peculiarity. The reindeer differs from all other deer in that both sexes bear antlers.